Freedom's Frontier: California and the Struggle over Unfree Labor, Emancipation, and Reconstruction

by Stacey L. Smith

Overview

Most histories of the Civil War era portray the struggle over slavery as a conflict that exclusively pitted North against South, free labor against slave labor, and black against white. In Freedom’s Frontier, Stacey L. Smith examines the battle over slavery as it unfolded on the multiracial Pacific Coast. Despite its antislavery constitution, California was home to a dizzying array of bound and semibound labor systems: African American slavery, American Indian indenture, Latino and Chinese contract labor, and a brutal sex traffic in bound Indian and Chinese women. Using untapped legislative and court records, Smith reconstructs the lives of California’s unfree workers and documents the political and legal struggles over their destiny as the nation moved through the Civil War, emancipation, and Reconstruction.
Smith reveals that the state’s anti-Chinese movement, forged in its struggle over unfree labor, reached eastward to transform federal Reconstruction policy and national race relations for decades to come. Throughout, she illuminates the startling ways in which the contest over slavery’s fate included a western struggle that encompassed diverse labor systems and workers not easily classified as free or slave, black or white.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781469607696
Publisher:	The University of North Carolina Press
Publication date:	08/12/2013
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	344
File size:	5 MB

About the Author

Stacey L. Smith is associate professor of history at Oregon State University.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments xi

Introduction: California, Free and Unfree 1

Chapter 1 California Bound 15

Chapter 2 Planting Slavery on Free Soil 47

Chapter 3 Hired Serfs and Contract Slaves Peonage, Coolieism, and the Struggle over "Foreign Miners" 80

Chapter 4 Enslaved Wards and Captive Apprentices Controlling and Contesting Children's Labor in 1850s California 109

Chapter 5 For Purposes of Labor and of Lust California's Traffics in Women 141

Chapter 6 Emancipating California California's Unfree Labor Systems in the Crucible of the Civil War 174

Chapter 7 Reconstructing California, Reconstructing the Nation 206

Conclusion: Beyond North and South 231

Appendix: Masters and Slaves in 1850s California 237

Notes 247

Bibliography 291

Index 311

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

“A real winner: ambitious, thoughtful, and splendidly rendered. Smith peels back history to rework the labor landscapes of nineteenth-century California and reintroduce the state into dynamic, Reconstruction-era political and social debates.” —William Deverell, University of Southern California

“A brilliant and long overdue examination of late-nineteenth-century California’s complicated race and labor history. By comparing the stories of bound Native American, African American, Chinese, Latino, and Hawaiian workers, Smith reveals the complexities of California’s racial and labor histories and goes even further to demonstrate the larger implications for the California experience for understanding national stories of abolition, emancipation, Reconstruction, and immigration.” —Michael Magliari, California State University, Chico

Editorial Reviews

Adds an entirely new dimension to California's history. . . . Recommended for classroom use as well as for researchers and the casual reader interested in California's diverse past."—Colonial Latin American Historical Review

Recommended. All levels/libraries."—Choice

A long overdue and urgently needed synthesis. . . . A splendid example of traditional archival-based historical research."—Journal of Interdisciplinary History

Freedom's Frontier is [not only] thoroughly researched, but it is also well written and a pleasure to read."—Oregon Historical Quarterly

A welcome addition to both the history of California and the West and to the history of the Civil War and Reconstruction."—Southwestern Historical Quarterly

Smith's analysis is cogent and detailed, and her arguments are solid. The book is a welcome addition to both the history of California and the West and to the history of the Civil War and Reconstruction."—Southwestern Historical Quarterly

Indispensable reading for historians of slavery, the Civil War era, and the American West." —Journal of the Civil War Era

A pleasure to read. Smith makes a significant contribution to the growing literature on the antebellum West and the complicated story of human bondage that unifies western history with our national history of slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction."—Oregon Historical Quarterly

An innovative and rigorous study of race, labor, and politics that skillfully addresses and integrates histories of slavery and the American West."—Journal of Southern History

A concise, thoughtful, and well-written work that highlights Californians' lived experiences. . . . A foundation for future studies of child labor and the exploration of California's contributions to debates over land, labor, gender, and empire in the United States in the 19th century."—Journal of African American History

From the Publisher