The Girls Who Went Away: The Hidden History of Women Who Surrendered Children for Adoption in the Decades Before Roe v. Wade

( 24 )

Overview

A powerful and groundbreaking revelation of the secret history of the 1.5 million women who surrendered children for adoption in the several decades before Roe v. Wade

In this deeply moving work, Ann Fessler brings to light the lives of hundreds of thousands of young single American women forced to give up their newborn children in the years following World War II and before Roe v. Wade. The Girls Who Went Away tells a story not of wild and carefree sexual liberation, but rather of a devastating double standard that has had punishing long-term effects on these women and on the children they gave up for adoption. Based on Fessler's groundbreaking ...

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Overview

A powerful and groundbreaking revelation of the secret history of the 1.5 million women who surrendered children for adoption in the several decades before Roe v. Wade

In this deeply moving work, Ann Fessler brings to light the lives of hundreds of thousands of young single American women forced to give up their newborn children in the years following World War II and before Roe v. Wade. The Girls Who Went Away tells a story not of wild and carefree sexual liberation, but rather of a devastating double standard that has had punishing long-term effects on these women and on the children they gave up for adoption. Based on Fessler's groundbreaking interviews, it brings to brilliant life these women's voices and the spirit of the time, allowing each to share her own experience in gripping and intimate detail. Today, when the future of the Roe decision and women's reproductive rights stand squarely at the front of a divisive national debate, Fessler brings to the fore a long-overlooked history of single women in the fifties, sixties, and early seventies.

In 2002, Fessler, an adoptee herself, traveled the country interviewing women willing to speak publicly about why they relinquished their children. Researching archival records and the political and social climate of the time, she uncovered a story of three decades of women who, under enormous social and family pressure, were coerced or outright forced to give their babies up for adoption. Fessler deftly describes the impossible position in which these women found themselves: as a sexual revolution heated up in the postwar years, birth control was tightly restricted, and abortion proved prohibitively expensive or life endangering. At the same time, a postwar economic boom brought millions of American families into the middle class, exerting its own pressures to conform to a model of family perfection. Caught in the middle, single pregnant women were shunned by family and friends, evicted from schools, sent away to maternity homes to have their children alone, and often treated with cold contempt by doctors, nurses, and clergy.

The majority of the women Fessler interviewed have never spoken of their experiences, and most have been haunted by grief and shame their entire adult lives. A searing and important look into a long-overlooked social history, The Girls Who Went Away is their story.

Editorial Reviews

From Barnes & Noble
In what many remember as dark distant days, 1.5 million single American women surrendered their out-of-wedlock babies rather than suffer shame or controversy. In some cases, they didn't even receive the chance to make the decision: Their parents or maternity home caregivers hastily shunted the newborn infants off to adoption. Girls Who Went Away recreates this aspect of the pre-Roe v. Wade era with compelling, often deeply moving oral histories of birth mothers who lost their offspring.
Michael Mewshaw
While striving for diversity of age, race and social background, Fessler discovered that her sources spoke with one voice about the early trauma that continues, in their telling, to blight their lives, scar their psyches and undermine their marriages and their relationships with their parents. Open the book to any page, and sad refrains repeat themselves with the plangency of a ballad.
— The Washinton Post
Publishers Weekly
Nobody ever asked me if I wanted to keep the baby," says Joyce, in a story typical of the birth mothers, mostly white and middle-class, who vent here about being forced to give up their babies for adoption from the 1950s through the early '70s. They recall callous parents obsessed with what their neighbors would say; maternity homes run by unfeeling nuns who sowed the seeds of lifelong guilt and shame; and social workers who treated unwed mothers like incubators for married couples. More than one birth mother was emotionally paralyzed until she finally met the child she'd relinquished years earlier. In these pages, which are sure to provoke controversy among adoptive parents, birth mothers repeatedly insist that their babies were unwanted by society, not by them. Fessler, a photography professor at the Rhode Island School of Design, is an adoptee whose birth mother confessed that she had given her away even though her fianc , who wasn't Fessler's father, was willing to raise her. Although at times rambling and self-pitying, these knowing oral histories are an emotional boon for birth mothers and adoptees struggling to make sense of troubled pasts. (May 8) Copyright 2006 Reed Business Information.
Library Journal
Fessler's book is the culmination of interviews with more than 100 women who had been forced to give up their children for adoption between the end of World War II and Roe v. Wade (1973). The book discusses all facets of the complex issue, including the women's discovery that they were pregnant out of wedlock, going away to maternity homes to deliver the babies, and later searching for their adult children. Fessler (photography, Rhode Island Sch. of Design) successfully intertwines the women's personal stories with descriptive text, placing the accounts in historical context. An adoptee herself, she begins and ends the book with the search for her own birth mother. She points out that although the circumstances of the women she interviewed varied (generally, they had answered queries Fessler had placed in newspapers), they all shared a sense of overwhelming loss and isolation in their grief. Thought-provoking and thoroughly researched, this book is recommended for all libraries. [See Prepub Alert, LJ 1/06.]-Nicole Mitchell, Birmingham, AL Copyright 2006 Reed Business Information.
Kirkus Reviews
Oral history featuring the voices of women who gave up their babies for adoption from 1945 to 1973, put into context by the author's exposition on the mood of the times. Fessler (Photography/Rhode Island School of Design), a video-installation artist and adoptee who has created a number of autobiographical works on adoption, recorded some one hundred women. Narratives from 18 of them appear here, with shorter selections from many others. Drawing on government statistics, sociology, history, medical and legal texts, as well as personal journals and the popular press, she surrounds their stories with descriptions of social mores during the three postwar decades. In an era when sex education was meager and birth control difficult to obtain, more than 1.5 million babies were given up for adoption. The notion that these children were simply not wanted by their mothers is quickly dispelled by the stories told here, which make it immediately clear that the unwed women, many still teenagers, had little choice. Adoption was presented as the only route that would preserve a girl's reputation. She was told to surrender the baby, forget what had happened and move on with her life. Fessler's transcripts reveal that forgetting was impossible and moving on not easily done. Although the stories are at times repetitious, individual voices speak clearly of guilt, abandonment, loneliness, helplessness, fear and coercion. For many, shame and secrecy shaped their lives for years afterward, affecting their relationships with husbands and subsequent offspring, even the ability to form healthy marriages or bear children. The author brackets these oral histories with the story of her own long-delayed search forher birth mother and their eventual meeting. By giving voice to these women, Fessler has enabled adoptees to view the circumstances of their birth with greater understanding. A valuable contribution to the literature on adoption.

Product Details

  • ISBN-13: 9780641905797
  • Publisher: Penguin Group (USA)
  • Publication date: 5/4/2006
  • Edition description: ANN
  • Pages: 368
  • Product dimensions: 6.30 (w) x 9.30 (h) x 1.30 (d)

Meet the Author

Ann Fessler is professor of photography at Rhode Island School of Design and a specialist in video-installation art. She won a prestigious Radcliffe Fellowship at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, for 2004, to complete her extensive research for this book. She is also the recipient of grants from the National Endowment for the Arts; the LEF Foundation, Boston; the Rhode Island Foundation; the Rhode Island Council for the Humanities; Art Matters, New York; and the Maryland State Arts Council. An adoptee herself, she begins and ends the book with the story of her own successful quest to find her birth mother.

Table of Contents

1 My own story as an adoptee 1
2 Breaking the silence 7
3 Good girls v. bad girls 29
4 Discovery and shame 67
5 The family's fears 101
6 Going away 133
7 Birth and surrender 175
8 The aftermath 207
9 Search and reunion 247
10 Talking and listening 287
11 Every mother but my own 319

Customer Reviews

Average Rating 5
( 24 )

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See All Sort by: Showing 1 – 20 of 29 Customer Reviews
  • Posted February 13, 2009

    I Also Recommend:

    Birth mothers Bible for healing

    The adoptee sister to my son suggested I read The Adoption Triangle, I couldn't find the book, but took out three others on adoption to read. As a birth mother from 1972 who 'went away', I was totally un-educated to modern day reunion practices to which present times has us in as adoptee to birth mothers. Then "The girls that went away" - was suggested to me by another birth mother. What an educational book! The stories were personal,heart felt, and Real. The book helped me realize my family was just like most of the rest of that era. I was no longer standing on an island by myself. Ann Fessler did a wonderful job of pulling together facts of an era where shame and guilt was placed on the platter of every single girl who found herself in trouble. There was so much healing that took place as I turned each page. I have ordered a copy for each one in my first family to receive in order to really know their sibling and daughter's struggle during that nine month's and years afterwards. This is a five star book for anyone in the adoption triangle, birth mother, adopted mother, and adoptee. All parties will understand each other better when they close the book.

    1 out of 1 people found this review helpful.

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  • Anonymous

    Posted May 19, 2006

    refutation of the first two reviews

    I've read the book and it is a very depressing and harrowing account of what adoption CAN be, but not necessarily what adoption always is. I am adopted and have two great parents who did not attempt to exploit my birth mother--who decided to give me up voluntarily. My adoption was facilitated professionally and I was in good health the entire time. I know this because Holt International adoption agency is very respected throughout the world and does a great service by facilitating adoptions from poor nations. However, from my own experience and research I must corroborate that many adoptions that occurred several decades ago, before societal acceptance and regulations, were susceptible to greed and manipulation, as this book asserts. It certainly highlights a part of what adoption was and can be still. However, to attribute these accounts to the overall culture of adoption would be a mistake. Hopefully, this book can bring some awareness that adoption has come a long way but that there are still negative remnants from the past.

    1 out of 1 people found this review helpful.

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  • Anonymous

    Posted March 30, 2012

    Highly recommend

    This book reveals truths never discussed in the open.

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  • Posted December 27, 2010

    Eye Opening!

    this is such a great book that openly talks about a subject that was so taboo at the time! being born in the 80's, it's mind boggling to me to see how we treated young women and their unexpected children just a few decades ago. a great read!

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  • Posted November 29, 2010

    Will change your life.

    "The Girls Who Went Away" was a required reading book in a history class in college. I decided to start reading it just as the deadline approached before a quiz. The minute I opened the first page, I couldn't stop reading. I never realized the heartbreak so many un-wed women had to endure. It keeps your interest with heart wrenching stories. The only problem is realizing these are TRUE tales of women in a time in America where things seemed to be sugar coated.

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  • Posted August 29, 2009

    Great book!

    As an adoptee, I found this book to be very helpful in understanding the culture surrounding my birth mother's decision. Growing up as I did in an era where being unmarried & pregnant is not as big a deal, it's difficult for me to really understand the condemnation and stigma these women faced, how REAL the punishment was for being unmarried & pregnant. I understand her a little better now, and I'm sending her my copy so that maybe she can understand herself a little better, too.

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  • Anonymous

    Posted July 16, 2008

    I truly couldn't put this book down

    This was a wonderful book that kept my attention from start to finish. As a girl born in the 70's, I had no idea young ladies were treated so unfairly. It really makes me look around at women that may have been affected by it (and are still affected by it). This books provides both real life stories and historical background into the issue.

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  • Anonymous

    Posted March 23, 2008

    Unexpected

    I was born in 1961, so my interest in this topic stemmed from becoming close with several adults who are adoptees. I became even more interested after I mentioned something in passing to my 16 year old niece and made reference to the time before abortion was available, and she had no idea what I was talking about. I found this book dispelled many myths about the feelings and intentions of birth mothers. I found it alternately very sad (stories of girls being forced to do something they didn't want to do) and very inspiring (stories of joyous, healing reunions). I'd recommend it to anyone who's life has been touched by this issue.

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  • Anonymous

    Posted March 20, 2008

    A Treasure to me an adopted child

    My Mother gave me up for adoption and I always wondered how she felt. This book gave me alot of insight. What a brave courageous woman she was. I just found birth family, but regrettfully my Mother had already passed away. One day I hope to meet her and tell her how much I love her and thought about her everyday!!!!

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  • Anonymous

    Posted September 15, 2007

    A reviewer

    Great insite into a taboo subject. The interject of statistics and facts between the real life stories is both fasinating and heart breaking. Kudos to Ann Fessler for bring these women's untold stories to the printed page.

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  • Anonymous

    Posted June 24, 2007

    A must for birthmothers...

    Though this book brought up some grief for me that was long buried, I found it also liberating and healing. Though my story happened 20 years later, some of the things these ladies expressed were written right from my own heart. I am grateful for this book.

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  • Anonymous

    Posted May 11, 2007

    Very insightful

    I could not put this book down! Very informative and easy to read. Easy to relate to. I think I read the first half of the book in one sitting!

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  • Anonymous

    Posted January 19, 2007

    A wonderful and heartbreaking look at the history of womanhood.

    When I finished reading this book, I was glad to be a woman in this day and age, and I mourned for my predecessors and what they had to go through. The book does a great job of dispelling the stereotype that unwed mothers are always 'loose' women, and I was seriously blown away by how many girls did not even understand sex and pregnancy while they were engaging in those very same activities. The book is NOT, nor should it be taken as, a condemnation of ALL adoptions (thus, the review included among these that all adoptions need to be eradicated is a seriously erroneous message to take from this book), but rather on the treatment of women at the time, and the pain that birth mothers can go through. What the book DOES do is reveal that adoptions are not as emotionally easy on the birth mother as we may have thought (my students, for example, see adoption as the obvious answer to an unwanted pregnancy, an easy transition in which everyone is happy). The book does not condemn adoption, and even exalts many of the adoptive families. Nevertheless, it is a wonderful, historical account, of motherhood, womanhood, and the pain that many birth mothers (past and recent) must feel. If the book teaches anything, it is the importance of empathy and the perils of uncritical judgment.

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  • Anonymous

    Posted August 24, 2006

    A Slice of Women's History in the USA

    Fessler presents an historical perspective unknown to those that were not directly or indirectly impacted by adoption during the decades just after WWII. I found the book to be extremely informative and enlightening about a part of our nation's history that we do not openly speak of because in order to preserve societal norms we behaved shamefully. While it might appear that adoptions are handled openly today, there is certainly evidence that coercion still occurs. Because of familial/societal/religious pressures, many young women today are not allowed the freedom to exercise their choice. Some private adoptions offer babies for money - how is that okay? Yes, there probably has been some reform but one cannot claim that it is 'ALL better and different today.' You will not want to put this book down. You will live the lives of the women in it - experience their pain, frustration, despondency, disappointments and joys. And, you will not be able to stop the compulsion to share the stories with everyone you know.

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  • Anonymous

    Posted September 25, 2006

    very well written and informative

    very interesting book, grabs your attention right away and you become immersed in the stories of these women. Good choice if you are intrigued by what these women had to go through, as well if you are adopted.

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  • Anonymous

    Posted July 12, 2006

    Thanks, Ms. Fessler

    I had seen movies featuring characters who got pregnant out of wedlock and were sent away to maternity homes. But after seeing a website and then this book, I saw that it wasn't just made up, but real. I found myself feeling sorry, shaking my head, and feeling happy--feeling sorry for the women who were made to feel like trash when they were still young and didn't know what was happening, shaking my head at the people who judged, insulted, and shamed them, and feeling happy when the women finally reunited with the kids they were forced to give up. Adoption can be a good thing, but ONLY if a woman (or girl) does it out of her own free will. These women didn't have a choice in that and suffered greatly because of it. I had no idea. This book taught me something, and that's the importance of being compassionate and nonjudgmental. It also underlined the importance of providing young people with honest, accurate sex education so that something like this never happens again. By publishing this book, Ms. Fessler gave these women a voice. Thanks, Ms. Fessler, for sharing these stories with us.

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  • Anonymous

    Posted August 19, 2006

    Absolutely Fascinating!

    I bought this book on a whim because it sounded interesting and I needed a new book for the subway. I think I lasted two days with it as a subway read, by the end of my second day I couldn't put it down. I came home, read all night long and finished it. The Girls Who Went Away wonderfully blends a background history of how unwed pregnant women were viewed while mixing very touching and poignant stories of young girls being shipped off alone to maternity homes or being hidden inside their own homes so as the neighbors would not know. This book tells the stories of many women who didn¿t have a voice. Author Ann Fessler does a wonderful job of letting people hear their stories. I had a constant mix of emotions upon reading this book, you are angry and astonished for how women were treated, as well as elated when a happy reunion occurs. This is a great insight to the many complexities of adoption it definitely teaches you about a whole different world that existed then.

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  • Anonymous

    Posted June 13, 2006

    Stories that Needed a Voice

    I am also one of the children who was placed for adoption during the time period that Ann Fessler describes. I have gained so much from reading this book. It was not easy for me to get through it. I had to put it down between the emotional highs and lows that I experienced as I kept reading. I cried at the losses and rejoiced in the reunions and times of family acceptance of past wrongs done to the women in the book. This book gives a voice to women who struggled with one of the most difficult, life-altering events in their lives. Thank you Ann, for honoring these women. As an adopted child, I had a wonderful family. As an adult, I wished to know my birthfamily especially the woman who gave me my life in so many ways. Through this book, I have learned to appreciate her and her courage even more than I did before. I believe in adoption now as it has changed so much and become so much more sensitive to all involved in the process. I only hope that this book helps more families deal with the loss and to forgive each other. To that end and as I work in a bookstore myself, this has become my personal recommendation to customers. The stories of these women needed to be told and this book does an excellent job in allowing them to be heard.

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  • Anonymous

    Posted June 8, 2006

    Powerful

    I'm 47 years old. While I recall hearing my older siblings talk about 'girls who went away', I didn't personally know anyone who did. I came 'of age' just as birth control became more readily available and I was 15 at the time of Roe v. Wade. There were certainly girls during my early teens who 'messed around' and we all knew who they were, but none of them became pregnant (at least they never 'went away'). When I would hear my siblings and their friends talk about the girls of their generation who did suddenly disappear, I assumed these girls were glad to give their babies up so they could get on with their lives. I also assumed they had been careless about birth control never imagining that they were never told about it or how difficult it was to acquire. I also assumed that as they aged, they probably had moments of fleeting curiosity about their baby. Simple things like 'I wonder what he/she looks like'. I never imagined the depth and intensity of their loss. I was mesmerized and heart broken by each story in this book. I'm so glad Ann Fessler took the time to gather their stories and that the women were willing to share them with the rest of us. Bless their hearts.

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  • Anonymous

    Posted May 29, 2006

    Not just for women

    Ann Fessler's book is well researched and written. I am a male whose mother went through the process of giving up a baby and her pain and secrecy lasted for her entire lifetime. Needless to say, this had an adverse effect on the way we were brought up. Her depression and addictions might have been prevented if she would have had a caring and responsible person to see her her through this trying time. I have learned a lot by reading the book and would highly recommend it to anyone interested in the topic.

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