Handbook of Acid-Base Indicators: pH Indicators / Edition 2

by R.W. Sabnis

Overview

Acid-base indicators (pH indicators) are substances (dyes) which change color with the change in pH. There is no book available in the market directly on acid-base indicators even though the use of acid-base indicators is widespread, growing rapidly and has exploded recently.

This updated handbook provides a systematic and up-to-date library of information on 250+ acid-base indicators serving as a practical guide for both chemists and non-chemists in industry and academia.

Entries are listed alphabetically and include: General chmical name, chemical structure, other names, CA index name, CAS registry number, Colour Index number, Colour Index name, Merck index number (The Merck Index, 15^th Edition, 2013), chemical/dye class, molecular formula, molecular weight, physical form, solubility, melting point, boiling point, boiling point (calcd.), pH range, color-change at pH, pKa, pKa (calcd.), absorption (λmax), emission (λmax), molar extinction coefficient, quantum yield, synthesis, biological/medical applications, industrial applications, safety/toxicity, certification/approval and references

               Numerous recent references as well as original references (when reported) have been provided on various synthetic methods, biological/medical applications, industrial applications, and safety/toxicity data. This is the first ever book which provides safety/toxicity data with reference to acute toxicity, algal toxicity, amyloid toxicity, aquatic toxicity, bacterial toxicity, carcinogenicity, cardiotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, chromosomal aberrations, chronic toxicity, clastogenicity, cytotoxicity, developmental toxicity, DNA damage, ecotoxicity, embryotoxicity, endocrine disrupters, environmental toxicity, fish toxicity, genotoxicity, hematotoxicity, hepatocarcinogenicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, membrane toxicity, microbial toxicity, mitochondrial toxicity, mutagenicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, nucleic acid damage, ophthalmic toxicity, oral toxicity, ototoxicity, ovarian toxicity, photodynamic toxicity, photogenotoxicity, phototoxicity, phytotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, reproductive toxicity, skin toxicity, subchronic toxicity, teratogenicity, tumorigenicity, vascular toxicity, and so on.

               The second edition of Handbook of Acid-Base Indicators (pH Indicators) has been revised, enlarged and updated with several recent references and added 53 new acid-base indicators. Further, the First Edition provides major applications of acid-base indicators, whereas the Second Edition provides biological/medical applications and industrial applications separately. The Second Edition also provides Certification by Biological Stain Commission (BSC) and Approval by Food & Drugs Administration (FDA) of acid-base indicators, wherever applicable. In addition, several appendixes have been provided at the end of the book for scientists to conveniently and easily find an acid-base indicator as per their need. These appendixes include CAS Registry Numbers, Colour Index Names and Colour Index Numbers, Acridines, Anthraquinones, Aromatics, Azo, Benzeins, Coumarins, Fluorescent, Hydrazines, Maleins, Miscellaneous, Naphthalenes, Nitro, Phenolnaphthaleins, Phthaleins, Quinolines, Sulfonephthaleins, Triphenylmethanes, and Xanthenes.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781138198050
Publisher:	Taylor & Francis
Publication date:	11/04/2025
Edition description:	2nd ed.
Pages:	744
Product dimensions:	8.62(w) x 10.88(h) x (d)

About the Author

Ram W. Sabnis is a Patent Agent. His interests include dyes, pigments, organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, heterocycles, polymer chemistry, synthesis, formulations, coatings, material science, and patents. Presently, he focuses on drafting and prosecuting U.S. and international patent applications. He is a registered patent agent with U.S. Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO). He has 35+ years of technical and legal experience after Ph.D., of which 16+ years of technical (industrial R&D) experience and 19+ years of legal (patent law) (law firm and corporate) experience.

Dr. Sabnis was born and raised in Mumbai, India. He received M. Sc. in Organic Chemistry from University of Mumbai and Ph. D. in Organic Chemistry (Dyes) from Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT) (formerly UDCT), Mumbai, India. He is a Chartered Colourists, Fellow of Society of Dyers & Colourists (CCol FSDC). He is also a Fellow of Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC).

Dr. Sabnis is one of the world’s foremost experts in dyes, inventing world’s first colored bubbles (non-staining) and color changing dye system with many applications. He has immensely contributed to color science and technology for the past 40+ years, particularly, dyes for biomedicine, personal care products, health/beauty products, electronics (displays, OLEDs), inks, paints, plastics, textiles and toys/bubbles.

He has over 500 publications, which include books, book chapters, encyclopedia chapters, patents, reviews, papers, and symposia presentations. He is also an inventor on several U.S. Patents and international patent applications (issued/published). Dr. Sabnis is the recipient of Perkin Innovation Award, Pfish Award, Grand Innovation Award, Competitive Spirit Award and Best Doctoral Thesis Award. Dr. Sabnis has been awarded “Gold Medal” for “Outstanding service to coloration industry” and “Centenary Medal” for “Best Review in Coloration Technology” by the Society of Dyers and Colourists, Bradford, U.K. He has been awarded “UAA-ICT Distinguished Alumnus Award - Research by Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India.

Dr. Sabnis is an ACS Patent Panelist and ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters Editorial Board Member. He has been awarded USPTO (U.S. Patent and Trademark Office) Patent Pro Bono Achievement Certificate (2021-2024). He has around 400 legal representations for patents, which include U.S. Patents and PCT international applications. He has been awarded Certificate of Appreciation for outstanding contributions to ACS U.S. National Chemistry Olympiad (USNCO) by the American Chemical Society (ACS) (2023-2024).

Dr. Sabnis has written three books on color chemistry, namely, “Handbook of Fluorescent Dyes and Probes,” “Handbook of Biological Dyes and Stains” and “Handbook of Acid-Base Indicators.” He will continue to focus his activities on fascinating dye chemistry as well as demanding intellectual property in the years to come.

 

Table of Contents

1.            Acid Alizarin Violet N

2.            Acid Blue 89

3.            Acid Blue 92

4.            Acid Fuchsin

5.            Acridine

6.            Alizarin (Alizarin Red)

7.            Alizarin Red S

8.            Alizarin Yellow GG

9.            Alizarin Yellow R

10.          Alkali Blue

11.          9-Amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine (ACMA)

12.          5-Aminosalicylic acid

13.          Anilinesulfonephthalein

14.          Anthranilic acid

15.          Aurin

16.          Benzaurin

17.          Benzopurpurin 4B

18.          Benzoyl Auramine G

19.          Brasilin (Brazilin)

20.          Brilliant Green

21.          Brilliant Yellow

22.          Bromochlorophenol Blue

23.          Bromochlorophenol Blue, Sodium Salt

24.          Bromocresol Green

25.          Bromocresol Green, Sodium Salt

26.          Bromocresol Purple

27.          Bromocresol Purple, Sodium Salt

28.          Bromophenol Blue

29.          Bromophenol Blue, Sodium Salt

30.          p-Bromophenolmalein

31.          Bromophenol Red

32.          Bromophenol Red, Sodium Salt

33.          Bromothymol Blue

34.          Bromothymol Blue, Sodium Salt

35.          Bromoxylenol Blue

36.          Butyl Orange

37.          Butyl Orange, Potassium Salt

38.          Butyl Orange, Sodium Salt

39.          Butyl Red

40.          Calcein

41.          Calmagite

42.          Carbazol Yellow

43.          5-Carboxyfluorescein

44.          6-Carboxyfluorescein

45.          5-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate

46.          6-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate

47.          5-Carboxynaphthofluorescein

48.          6-Carboxynaphthofluorescein

49           Carminic acid

50.          Carvacrolphthalein

51.          Chlorocresol Green

52.          7-Chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid

53.          Chlorophenol Red

54.          Chlorophenol Red, Sodium Salt

55.          Chrome Orange GR

56.          Chrysoidin

57.          Clayton Yellow

58.          Congo Red

59.          Coumarin

60.          o-Cresolbenzein

61.          o-Cresolphthalein

62.          o-Cresolphthalein complexon

63.          m-Cresol Purple

64.          m-Cresol Purple, Sodium Salt

65.          o-Cresol Red

66.          o-Cresol Red, Sodium Salt

67.          Crystal Violet                    

68.          Curcumin

69.          Diazo Violet

70.          Dibromo-o-cresolbenzein

71.          Dibromothymolbenzein

72.          2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein

73.          6,7-Dihydroxycoumarin

74.          3,6-Dihydroxyphthalimide

75.          Diiodophenolsulfonephthalein)

76.          4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)-2-methylazobenzene

77.          4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol

78.          2,3-Dinitrophenol (ε-Dinitrophenol)

79.          2,4-Dinitrophenol (α-Dinitrophenol)

80.          2,5-Dinitrophenol (γ-Dinitrophenol)

81.          2,6-Dinitrophenol (β-Dinitrophenol)

82.          3,4-Dinitrophenol (δ-dinitrophenol)

83.          3',3''-Dinitrophenolsulfonephthalein

84.          2,4-Dinitrophenylacetylhydrazine

85.          2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)

86.          4,6-Dinitrothymol

87.          Direct Blue 72

88.          Eosin Y

89.          Erythrosin B       

90.          Esculetin

91.          p-Ethoxychrysoidin, Hydrochloride

92.          Ethyl bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)acetate

93.          Ethyl Green

94.          Ethyl Orange

95.          Ethyl Orange, Potassium Salt

96.          Ethyl Orange, Sodium Salt

97.          Ethyl Red

98.          Ethyl Violet

99.          Fluorescein

100.       Fluorescein diacetate (FDA)

101.       Fluorescein Disodium Salt (Uranine)

102.       Fluoroscein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC)

103.       Fluorexon

104.       Gallein

105.       Gentian Violet

106.       Gentian Violet B

107.       Guaiacolphthalein

108.       Harmine

109.       Hematoxylin

110.       4-Heptadecyl-7-hydroxycoumarin (4-Heptadecylumbelliferone)

111.       Heptamethoxy Red

112.       Hexamethoxy Red

113.       Hexyl Orange

114.       Hexyl Orange, Sodium Salt

115.       2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (2-(o-Hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole)

116.       2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (2-(o-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole)

117.       2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (2-(o-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole)

118.       Indigo Carmine (Indigotin)

119.       Indophenol

120.       Iodophenol Blue

121.       Iodophenol Red

122.       Isonitrosothiocamphor

123.       Isopicramic acid

124.       Lacmoid

125.       Lanacyl Violet BF

126.       Litmus

127.       Luminol

128.       LysoSensor Blue DND 167

129.       LysoSensor Blue DND 192

130.       LysoSensor Green DND 153

131.       LysoSensor Green DND 189

132.       LysoSensor Yellow/Blue DND 160 (PDMPO)

133.       Magdala Red

134.       Malachite Green

135.       Martius Yellow (2,4-Dinitro-1-naphthol)

136.       Mesalamine

137.       Metanil Yellow

138.       2-Methoxybenzaldehyde

139.       4-Methylesculetin (6,7-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin)

140.       Methyl Green

141.       Methyl Orange

142.       Methyl Purple

143.       Methyl Red

144.       Methyl Red, Hydrochloride

145.       Methyl Red, Sodium Salt

146.       4-Methylumbelliferone (7-Hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin)

147.       Methyl Violet

148.       Methyl Yellow (Dimethyl Yellow) (Butter Yellow) (Fat Yellow)

149.       1-Naphthoic acid (α-Naphthoic acid)

150.       2-Naphthol (β-Naphthol)

151.       Naphthol AS

152.       1-Naphtholbenzein (α-Naphtholbenzein)

153.       1-Naphtholphthalein (α-Naphtholphthalein)

154.       1-Naphtholsulfonephthalein (α-Naphtholsulfonephthalein)

155.       1-Naphthylamine (α-Naphthylamine)

156.       2-Naphthylamine (β-Naphthylamine)

157.       α-Naphthyl Red (4-(Phenylazo)-1-naphthylamine)

158.       Neutral Red

159.       Nile Blue

160.       Nile Blue A

161.       Nitramine

162.       Nitrazine Yellow

163.       4-Nitrobenzhydrazide (p-Nitrobenzhydrazide)

164.       4-Nitrobenzyl cyanide (p-Nitrobenzyl cyanide)

165.       4-Nitrocatechol (p-Nitrocatechol)

166.       2-Nitrophenol (o-Nitrophenol)

167.       3-Nitrophenol (m-Nitrophenol)

168.       4-Nitrophenol (p-Nitrophenol)

169.       4-Nitrophenylacetylhydrazine (p-Nitrophenylacetylhydrazine)

170.       4-Nitrophenylhydrazine (p-Nitrophenylhydrazine)

171.       Orange I

172.       Orange II

173.       Orange III

174.       Orange IV

175.       Oregon Green 488 carboxylic acid                

176.       Oregon Green 514 carboxylic acid

177.       Oregon Green 488 carboxylic acid diacetate

178        Oxine Blue

179.       Palatine Chrome Black 6BN (Calcon)

180.       Patent Blue V

181.       Pentamethoxy Red

182.       Phenolbenzein

183.       Phenolmalein

184.       Phenol-1,2-naphthalein

185.       Phenol-1,8-naphthalein

186.       Phenol-2,1-naphthalein

187.       Phenolphthalein

188.       Phenolphthalein, Disodium Salt

189.       Phenol Red

190.       Phenol Red, Sodium Salt

191.       Phenoltetrabromosulfonephthalein

192.       Phenoltetrachlorosulfonephthalein

193.       Phenoltetraiodosulfonephthalein

194.       4-(Phenylazo)diphenylamine

195.       o-Phenylenediamine

196.       p-Phenylenediamine

197.       Phloxine B

198.       Picric acid (2,4,6-Trinitrophenol)

199.       Pinachrome

200.       Poirrier Blue

201.       Propyl Orange

202.       Propyl Orange, Potassium Salt

203.       Propyl Orange, Sodium Salt

204.       Propyl Red

205.       Pyrocatechol Green

206.       Pyrocatechol Violet (Catechol Violet)

207.       Pyrogallolphthalein

208.       Quinaldine Red

209.       Quinine

210.       Quininic acid

211.       Quinoline Blue (Cyanine) (Cyanine Blue)

212.       Resazurin (Alamar Blue)

213        Resazurin Sodium Salt

214.       Resorcein (Resorcein Blue)

215.       Resorcinolmalein

216.       Resorufin

217.       p-Rosolic acid

218.       Rubrophen

219.       Salicyladehyde semicarbazone

220.       Salicylic Acid

221.       Salicyl Yellow

222.       Sinalbin

223.       Solochrome Violet RS

224.       Sulphan Blue

225.       Tetrabromophenol Blue

226.       Tetrabromophenol Blue, Sodium Salt

227.       Tetrabromophenolphthalein

228.       Tetrabromophenolphthalein Ethyl Ester Potassium Salt

229.       Tetraiodophenolsulfonephthalein

230.       3',3'',5',5''-Tetranitrophenolsulfonephthalein

231.       Tetryl

232.       Thiazol Yellow G

233.       Thymolbenzein

234.       Thymol Blue

235.       Thymol Blue, Sodium Salt

236.       Thymolphthalein

237.       1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene

238.       2,4,6-Trinitrobenzoic acid

239.       2,4,6-Trinitrophenylacetylhydrazine

240.       2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) (1-Methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene)

241.       Tropaeolin O

242.       Tropaeolin OO

243.       Tropaeolin OOO

244.       Umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin)

245.       p-Xylenol Blue

246.       p-Xylenol Blue, Sodium Salt

247.       Xylenol Orange

248.       Xylenol Orange, Sodium Salt

249.       Xylenol Orange, Tetrasodium Salt

250.       m-Xylenolphthalein (2,6-Dixylenolphthalein)

251.       p-Xylenolphthalein