Washington & Religion
One reviewer lambasted Mr. Ellis¿ work because ¿historical documents prove that George Washington was a devout Christian and based the belief of God on everything he did.¿ Historical documents prove no such thing. And wishing doesn¿t make it so. Washington gives us little in his writings to indicate his personal religious beliefs and asserted no beliefs in any specific traditional religious dogma. His own writings never refer to Jesus Christ. Franklin Steiner in The Religious Beliefs Of Our Presidents '1936'¿highly recommended¿states that Washington commented on sermons only twice, joking that he had enjoyed a German Reformed service because he hadn¿t understood a single word. Washington was certainly not anti-religious and indeed spoke out against religious intolerance, banning in 1775 a Protestant celebration called Pope's Day 'mocking of the Catholic leader' by the Continental Army. In the Revolutionary War, Washington supported troops selecting their own chaplains. He reportedly did not take communion, though his wife did, and supported no particular theology, while complimenting all sorts of religious groups. He attended church irregularly but did attend and praise Quaker, German Reformed, and Roman Catholic services. In securing workmen in 1784 at Mount Vernon, Washington said he would welcome ¿Mohometans, Jews or Christians of any Sect, or they may be Atheists.¿ Washington rejected the notion that there should be any narrow religious test for officeholders, and he never advocated the superiority of one religious sect over another. In Washington's replies to messages from Jews and Swedenborgians, he demonstrates not a mere tolerance for those who had not chosen the ¿correct path,¿ but an endorsement of what Jefferson later called the 'wall of separation between church and state.¿ It might be best to read Washington¿s own words: ¿To the General Committee Representing the United Baptist Churches of Virginia¿ and ¿To the Hebrew Congregation of Savannah, May, 1790.' Some of the inaccuracies about Washington¿s religious piety come from the famously silly fabrications in The Life of Washington, 1800, by Mason Locke `Parson¿ Weems, the source of the invented tale about the cherry tree. Many writers have tried to project their own biases and agendas onto Washington's image. Perhaps this is where we get such phrases as ¿historical documents prove¿ without the understanding that ¿historical documents¿ need to be questioned for credibility and are indeed subject to scholarly review. If some of us want to believe in that the earth is flat, that the founders made this an exclusively Christian Nation, that the world is suspended on a stack of turtles, that due process is ¿quaint,¿ or that recognition of universal human rights did not have the historical context of the Enlightenment, we should just say so. But don¿t claim things that are not true. And don¿t criticize good scholarship simply because it¿s not bad scholarship. Which brings us back to Ellis¿ work. It is well researched, well written¿enjoyably so for this reader¿and provides valuable scholarship.
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