HIV and the Brain: New Challenges in the Modern Era / Edition 1

by Robert H. Paul, Ned Charlton Sacktor, Victor Valcour, Karen Tokie Tashima

Overview

Within the last decade there have been a number of new and important areas of emphasis in HIV care and research, particularly in the context of brain involvement. Without question, clinical and research innovations in the modern era of the HIV pandemic warrant an update on HIV and the brain. Written by a panel of leading experts, HIV and the Brain: New Challenges in the Modern Era offers a clear picture of brain impairment associated with the virus with particular focus on three emerging areas including different genetic strains of the virus throughout the world, interactions between advanced age and HIV, and the impact of HIV on the brain in the context of chronic, long-term treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HIV and the Brain: New Challenges in the Modern Era provides a comprehensive review of both basic science and clinical implications in these important areas of the disease. The text is of particular relevance to both research scientists and clinicians involved in HIV in the modern era.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781934115084
Publisher:	Springer-Verlag New York, LLC
Publication date:	03/09/2009
Series:	Current Clinical Neurology
Edition description:	2009
Pages:	350
Product dimensions:	6.00(w) x 9.30(h) x 1.00(d)

Table of Contents

1 Neurocognitive Changes in AIDS: Evolution of Treatment of HIV Infection Erna Milunka Kojic Charles C.J. Carpenter 1

2 Global Incidence and Epidemiology of the AIDS Pandemic, Distribution of HIV Subtypes, and Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Infection Among HIV-Positive Individuals Karen T. Tashima Aadia I. Rana 9

3 New Insights into HIV Neuropathogenesis Tory P. Johnson Avindra Nath 17

4 Neuropathological Findings Associated with Long-Term HAART Iain C. Anthony Jeanne E. Bell 29

5 Biomarkers of HIV-Related Central Nervous System Disease Bruce James Brew Scott Letendre 49

6 Neuroimaging Among HIV-Infected Patients: Current Knowledge and Future Directions David F. Tate Jared J. Conley Dominik S. Meier Bradford A. Navia Ronald Cohen Charles R.G. Guttmann 75

7 The Assessment of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: New Challenges in the HAART Era Lucette A. Cysique Bruce J. Brew 109

8 The Changing Face of HIV-Associated Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Disturbance Ron Cohen 133

9 Youth with HIV/AIDS: Neurobehavioral Consequences Susannah Allison Pamela L. Wolters Pim Brouwers 187

10 Co-Occurrence of HIV, Hepatitis C, and Substance Use Disorders: Effects on Brain Functioning Raul Gonzalez Phillip J. Quartana Eileen M. Martin 213

11 The Functional Impact of HIV-Associated Neuropsychological Decline Matthew J. Wright Ellen Woo Terry R. Barclay Charles H. Hinkin 233

12 Adjunctive Therapy for Long-Term Support of Cognitive Impairment Joshua T. Dearborn Susan E. Maloney Nicole Hicklin Elizabeth M. Lane Robert Paul 249

13 HIV-1 Genetic Diversity and Its Biological Significance Michael M. Thomson 267

14 Opportunistic Infections in the Brain in Developing Countries Marcus Tulius T. Silva Beatriz Grinsztejn 293

15 Impact of Clade Diversity on Neuropsychological Outcomes Robert Paul Ned Sacktor Lucette Cysique Bruce Brew Victor Valcour 319

16 The Effects of Aging on HIV Disease Robert C. Kalayjian Lena Al-Harthi 331

17 Neuropsychology of Healthy Aging Molly E. Zimmerman Adam M. Brickman 347

18 Interactions Between Advanced Age and HIV Cognitive Impairment Victor Valcour Aaron M. McMurtray 369

Index 393

Editorial Reviews

Reviewer: Joseph I Sirven, MD (Mayo Clinic Arizona)
Description: The global picture of HIV infections has changed from a life-threatening disease to a chronic condition requiring long-term medical intervention. With a longer survival rate and advanced age, the possibility of developing brain dysfunction, HIV-associated neurocognitive deficits, and decreased cognitive capacity leading to dementia are major concerns for people infected with HIV. This book describes the impact of the AIDS virus on the brain and its relationship to the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the mid-nineties.
Purpose: The purpose is to evaluate the long-term impact of the AIDS virus on the brain and the effect of aging on the disease process. In addition, current therapies and treatment are outlined as is the need for further research for new treatments for HIV in the aging population. In addition, international studies and research are focusing on the impact of AIDS on quality of life issues around the globe due to the fact that current estimates are that worldwide cases of HIV may be the most common cause of dementia among individuals under the age of 40. The authors successfully provide a broad and insightful literature review of a variety of topics by scientific authorities in the field.
Audience: It is intended for scientists researching AIDS and its impact on the brain, as well as for clinical care providers. This is a great summary and analysis of the changing face of AIDS and HIV-associated cognitive disturbances in the elderly.
Features: The book covers a wide range of issues related to the effect of AIDS on the brain in relation to the aging process and occurrence of decreased cognitive capacity and dementia. The authors provide a broad global view of HIV and the geographic distribution of AIDS worldwide. The chapter on neuroimaging of AIDS patients has colorful and detailed images and graphs that complement the text. A glossary of terms would have been helpful for those readers who do not practice in this discipline.
Assessment: This is a well done literature review of neurological complications associated with HIV in the aging population and current therapies and challenges for those affected with the disease and those who are providing the treatment. The book is useful to those in the field of geriatrics involved with patients with AIDS and accompanying neurological deficits. Clinical care providers and clinical researchers will find the book informative and relevant for treating patients with HIV in the modern era.

Doody's Review Service

From the reviews:

“This book describes the impact of the AIDS virus on the brain and its relationship to the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the mid-nineties. … intended for scientists researching AIDS and its impact on the brain, as well as for clinical care providers. … useful to those in the field of geriatrics involved with patients with AIDS and accompanying neurological deficits. Clinical care providers and clinical researchers will find the book informative … for treating patients with HIV in the modern era.” (Joseph I. Sirven, Doody’s Review Service, July, 2009)

“HIV and the Brain: New Challenges in the Modern Era is … for the broader medical community … . It provides relevant new information and highlights important factors to consider when one is dealing with individuals who have HIV/AIDS in the post-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. … HIV and the Brain discusses guidelines for proper assessment, including the increasing need for a comprehensive neuropsychological battery … for specific and/or subtle cognitive deficits to manifest rather than global impairment.” (Charles Golden and Christine Corsun-Ascher, PsycCRITIQUES, December, 2009)

“The primary audience is intended to be clinicians … hope that the book will also be useful to basic and clinical researchers. … significant interest to clinicians … . provides a wide range of information that is important to clinicians and researchers alike. Written by expert international authors, it represents a major contribution to HIV medicine and should be an essential part of the reference collection of all HIV care providers as well as scientists working on the neurological complications of HIV infection.” (Zelalem Temesgen, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol. 49, November, 2009)

“This book will definitely appeal to its target audience of clinicians and both basic and clinical researchers … .In summary, this book is excellent–it is well-organized, easy to read, and interesting. … Clinicians from a wide variety of disciplines and researchers will certainly benefit from and enjoy having this book in their personal library. While neuroradiologists will also enjoy reading this book and will definitely value its content … .” (American Journal of Neuroradiology, November, 2009)

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