Table of Contents
Introduction
How science works 6
Working scientifically 8
Fields of science 10
How engineering works 12
Life
Cells 14
Cells, tissues, and organs 16
Nutrition 18
Human digestive system 19
Respiration 20
Lungs and breathing 21
Blood 22
The heart 23
Excretion 24
Fighting infections 26
Human nervous system 28
Muscles 30
Skeleton 31
Human reproduction 32
Gestation and birth 33
Genes and DNA 34
Variation 36
Inheritance 37
Photosynthesis 38
Transportation in plants 40
Flowers 42
How seeds grow 43
Single-celled organisms 44
Ecology 45
Food chains and recycling 46
Humans and the environment 47
Matter
Atoms and molecules 48
Density 50
Mixtures 52
Separating mixtures 53
Moving molecules 54
Atomic structure 56
Ionic bonds 58
Covalent bonds 59
Chemical reactions 60
Chemical equations 61
Types of reactions 62
Energy and reactions 64
Catalysts 66
Acids and bases 68
How acids and bases react 69
Electrolysis 70
The periodic table 71
Metals 72
The reactivity series 73
Hydrogen 74
Carbon 75
Crude oil 76
Nitrogen 78
Oxygen 79
Phosphorus 80
Sulfur 81
Halogens 82
Noble gases 83
Materials science 84
Polymers 86
Energy
What is energy? 88
Measuring energy 89
Power stations 90
Heat 92
Heat transfer 93
How engines work 94
Waves 96
How waves behave 97
Sound 98
Measuring sound 99
Light 100
Reflection 101
Refraction 102
Forming images 104
Telescopes and microscopes 105
Colors 106
Using light 107
Electromagnetic spectrum 108
Static electricity 110
Current electricity 111
Electric circuits 112
Current voltage, and resistance 114
Electricity and magnetism 116
Electromagnetism in action 118
Electronics 119
Forces
What are forces? 120
Stretching and deforming 121
Balanced and unbalanced forces 122
Magnetism 124
Friction 126
Drag 127
Force and motion 128
Momentum and collisions 130
Work and power 132
Speed and acceleration 134
Flight 135
Pressure 136
Floating and sinking 137
Earth and space
The universe 138
The planets 139
The sun 140
Gravity and orbits 142
Earth and the moon 143
Earth's structure 144
Plate tectonics 145
Natural hazards 146
Rocks and minerals 148
The rock cycle 149
Earth's history 150
Weathering and erosion 152
Seasons and climate zones 154
The atmosphere 156
Weather 158
Ocean currents 159
The carbon cycle 160
