An Introduction to Coastal Zone Management: Second Edition
352
An Introduction to Coastal Zone Management: Second Edition
352Overview
- significantly updated data and statistics including discussions of population and growth trends, federal and state coastal expenditures, disaster assistance expenditures, and damage levels from hurricanes and coastal storms
- updated legislative and programmatic material, including the Stafford Act and mitigation assistance programs, and changes in the Coastal Zone Management Act
- expanded coverage of physical and biological attributes and conditions of the coastal zone
- expanded and updated discussions of innovative local coastal management
- new chapters on creative coastal design and development and lessons from coastal programs in other countries
An Introduction to Coastal Zone Management, Second Edition is the only available book that addresses the serious coastal trends and pressures in the U.S., assesses the current policy and planning framework, and puts forth a compelling vision for future management and sustainable coastal planning. It is an important resource for undergraduate and graduate students of coastal planning as well as for local and state officials, residents of coastal communities, environmental advocates, developers, and others concerned with coastal issues.
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9781610910880 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Island Press |
| Publication date: | 04/01/2002 |
| Sold by: | Barnes & Noble |
| Format: | eBook |
| Pages: | 352 |
| File size: | 10 MB |
About the Author
Timothy Beatley is professor in the Department of Urban and Environmental Planning at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. His books include Green Urbanism (Island Press, 2000), The Ecology of Place (Island Press, 1997) and Habitat Conservation Planning (University of Texas Press, 1994).
David J. Brower is research professor in the Department of City and Regional Planning at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and co-author of Catastrophic Coastal Storms (Duke University Press, 1989) and co-editor of Understanding Growth Management (Urban Land Institute, 1989).
Anna K. Schwab is research associate at the Department of City and Regional Planning at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Table of Contents
"Acronyms and Abbreviations xiii
Preface xvii
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
The Special Nature of Our Coasts 1
The Pressures on the Coastal Zone 3
The Pressures Exerted by Humans 4
The Effects of Human Pressure 6
Public Policy Exacerbates the Pressures 7
Sustaining the Coast: The Overarching Challenge 8
The Rationale for Government Intervention 10
Chapter 2. Understanding
The Coastal Environment 13
Defining the Coastal Zone 13
Types of Coastal Landforms 15
Time Scales of Change 16
Coastal Ecosystems 17
Barrier Islands 18
Estuaries 23
Coastal Marshes 26
Coral Reefs 28
Rocky Shores and Bluffs 28
Coastal Forces and Processes 30
Wind 30
Waves 31
Currents 32
Tides 33
Hurricanes and Extratropical Storms 34
Sea Level Rise 41
Erosion and Accretion 42
Coastal Organisms 45
The Great Lakes 46
Geomorphology 46
Lake Characteristics 46
Lake Levels 48
Lake Stratification and Turnover 49
Wetlands 49
Pollution and Toxic Contaminants 50
Climate Change and the Great Lakes 51
Conclusions 51
Chapter 3. Coastal Pressures and Critical Management Issues 53
Land Use Patterns and Human Alterations of the Coastal Zone 56
Patterns of Ownership and Control 57
Critical Coastal Management Issues: The Challenge of Sustaining the Coast 63
Coastal Storm Mitigation 63
Shoreline Erosion and Sea Level Rise 68
Strategic Retreat or Coastal Reinforcement? 71
Protection of Coastal Wetlands and Resourcelands 74
Protection of Coastal Waters 76
Energy Development and the Coast 78
Biodiversity and Habitat Conservation 79
Marine and Fishery Management 81
The Coast as a Recreational Commons: Protecting Access to
Beaches and Shorelines 82
Social Equity in Coastal Planning 82
Coastal Sprawl, Land Use Pressures, and Quality of Life 84
Private Property versus the Public Interest in Coastal Planning 86
Conclusions 88
Chapter 4. The Coastal Management Framework 91
Role of State and Local Governments 94
Stakeholders in Coastal Management 96
Conclusions 100
Chapter 5. Federal Coastal Policy 101
Direct Coastal Policy 102
Coastal Zone Management Act 102
A Collaborative Strategy 102
Coastal Barrier Resources Act 106
National Marine Sanctuary Program 111
The National Estuarine Research Reserve System 114
National Estuary Program 115
Marine Protected Areas 116
Federal Environmental Policy That Affects the Coast 117
National Environmental Policy Act 117
Clean Water Act 118
Clean Air Act 120
Endangered Species Act 120
National Flood Insurance Program 121
Federal Disaster Assistance 123
Beach Renourishment and Shoreline Protection 125
National Park System 128
Brownfields 129
De Facto Coastal Policy 130
Department of Energy 130
Internal Revenue Service 130
Coastal Development Subsidies 130
Conclusions 131
Chapter 6. State Coastal Management Programs 135
Overview of State Programs 137
Shoreline Management and Retreat 137
Restrictions on Shore-Hardening Structures 140
Managing Reconstruction 140
Unbuildable Lots 141
Building Codes and Construction Standards 144
Coastal Wetlands Protection 144
Sea Level Rise 145
Beach Access and Land Acquisition 146
Cumulative and Secondary Impacts 151
Urban Waterfront Development 152
Special Area Management Plans 154
Areas of Particular Concern 155
Marine Debris 156
Aquaculture, Energy, and Government Facility Siting 156
Ocean Management 157
Chapter 7. Regional Management of Coastal Resources 173
What Is Regional Management? 173
The Watershed Protection Approach 174
Protecting Water Quality from Nonpoint Source Pollution 174
Defining the Watershed 175
Principles of the Watershed Protection Approach 176
Wateershed Protection Projects 178
Special Area Management Plans 180
The Chesapeake Bay Program 182
Natural Features of the Chesapeake Bay 182
A Working Partnership 182
Chesapeake 2000 Agreement 183
Toxics 2000 Strategy 184
Nutrient Reduction in the Bay 185
The Great Lakes Program 185
The National Estuary Program 188
Puget Sound: An NEP Success 190
The National Marine Sanctuary Program 192
Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary 192
The Cape Cod Commission 194
Conclusions 196
Chapter 8. Local Coastal Management 197
Toward Sustainable Coastal Communities 197
Overview of Local Coastal Planning and Management 200
Managing Coastal Growth 200
Growth Management: Tools and Techniques 206
Comprehensive Plans 206
Conventional Zoning 207
Setback Requirements 208
Community Character and Sense of Place 208
Subdivision Ordinances 209
Carrying Capacity 216
Land and Property Acquisition 217
Taxation and Fiscal Incentives 225
Capital Facilities and Public Infrastructure Policy 228
Information Dissemination and Community Awareness 231
Beyond Growth Management: Broader Community Sustainability 233
Towards Ecological Cities on the Coast 233
Green Governance 235
Ecological Infrastructure 236
Sustainable Economy 237
Sustainable Mobility in Coastal Communities 240
Educating the Public for a Sustainable Future 241
Impediments and Obstacles to Local Sustainability 244
Conclusions 246
Chapter 9. Creative Coastal
Development: Building Sustainably along the Coast 249
Environmentally Sensitive Coastal Development Is Not New 250
Conservation Communities in the Coastal Zone 251
Ecological Site Design 255
Building Ecologically but Profitably 259
Green Buildings in the Coastal Zone 267
New Urbanism in the Coastal Zone 270
Equity and Affordability as Key Elements 272
Redevelopment and Rebuilding: Recycling Coastal Lands 274
Strategies for Promoting Creative Coastal Development 277
Conclusions 280
Chapter 10: Conclusions: Future Directions in U.S. Coastal Management 283
Sustaining the Coast: Looking to the Future 284
An Essential Federal Role 286
The Leadership Role of States 291
Managing the Coast at the Local and Regional Level 294
A Final Note: Defending a Collaborative Framework for Sustainable
Coastal Development 298
Bibliography 299
About the Authors 315
Index 317"