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When faced with productivity problems in the workplace, engineers might call for better machines, and management might call for better-trained people, but ergonomists call for a better interface and better interaction between the user and the machine.
Introduction to Ergonomics, 2nd Edition, provides a comprehensive introduction to ergonomics as the study of the relationship between people and their working environment. The author presents evidence from field trials, studies and experiments that demonstrate the value of ergonomics in making the workplace safer, more error resistant, and compatible with users' characteristics and psychological and social needs. Evidence for the effectiveness of each topic is incorporated throughout the book as well, which helps practitioners to make the case for company investment in ergonomics. In addition, the author outlines international standards for ergonomics that influence engineering and design and pave the way for a more precise form of practice.
Extensively revised and updated, this second edition explains the main areas of application, the science that underpins these applications, and demonstrates the cost-effectiveness of implementing the applications in a wide variety of work settings.
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION The Focus of Ergonomics Ergonomics and its Areas of Application in the Work System A Brief History of Ergonomics Attempts to 'Humanise' Work Modern Ergonomics Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Future Directions for Ergonomics Summary Essays and Exercises
ANATOMY, POSTURE AND BODY MECHANICS Some Basic Body Mechanics Anatomy of the Spine and Pelvis Related to Posture Postural Stability and Postural Adaptation Low Back Pain Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Workplace Behavioural Aspects of Posture Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Research Directions Summary Essays and Exercises
ANTHROPOMETRIC PRINCIPLES IN WORSPACE AND EQUIPMENT DESIGN Designing for a Population of Users Sources of Human Variability Anthropometry and its Uses in Ergonomics Principles of Applied Anthropometry in Ergonomics Application of Anthropometry in Design Design for Everyone Anthropometry and Personal Space Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Research Directions Summary Essays and Exercises
STATIC WORK: DESIGN FOR STANDING AND SEATED WORKERS Fundamental Aspects of Standing and Sitting An Ergonomic Approach to Workstation Design Design for Standing Workers Design for Seated Workers Worksurface Design Visual Display Units Guidelines for the Design of Static Work Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Research Directions Summary Essays and Exercises
DESIGN OF REPETITIVE TASKS Introduction to Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders Injuries to the Upper Body at Work Review of Tissue Pathomechanics and WMSDs Disorders of the Neck Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Tennis Elbow (epidondylitis)
Disorders of the Shoulder Lower Limbs Ergonomic Interventions Trends in Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Research Directions Summary Essays and Exercises
DESIGN OF MANUAL HANDLING TASKS Anatomy and Biomechanics of Manual Handling Prevention of Manual Handling Injuries in the Workplace Design of Manual Handling Tasks Carrying Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Research Issues Summary Essays and Exercises
WORK CAPACITY, STRESS AND FATIGUE Stress and Fatigue Muscles, Structure, Function and Capacity The Cardiovascular System,
The Respiratory System,
Physical Work Capacity Factors Affecting Work Capacity Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Research Issues Summary Essays and Exercises
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF PHYSIOLOGY Measurement of the Physiological Cost of Work Applied Physiology in the Workplace Fitness for Work Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Research Issues Summary Essays and Exercises
HEAT, COLD AND THE DESIGN OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Fundamentals of Human Thermoregulation Measuring the Thermal Environmnet Thermoregulatory Mechanisms Work in Hot Climates Work in Cold Climates Skin Temperature Protection Against Extreme Climates Comfort and the Indoor Climate ISO Standards Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Research Directions Summary Essays and Exercises
VISION, LIGHT AND LIGHTING Vision and the Eye Measurement of Light Lighting Design Considerations Visiual Fatigue, Eyestrain and Near Work Psychological Aspects of Indoor Lighting Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Research Issues Summary Essays and Exercises
HEARING, SOUND, NOISE AND VIBRATION Terminology The Ear Measurement of Sound Ear Protection Design of the Acoustic Environment Industrial Noise Control Noise and Communication The Auditory Environment Outdoors Effects of Noise on Task Performance Non-auditory Effects of Noise on Health Noise and Satisfaction Vibration Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Research Issues Summary Essays and Exercises
HUMAN INFORMATION PROCESSING, SKILL AND PERFORMANCE A General Information Processing Model of the User Cognitive Systems Problem Solving Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Research Issues Summary Essays and Exercises
DISPLAYS, CONTROLS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS Principles for the Design of Visual Desplays Auditory Displays Design of controls Combining Displays and Controls Virtual ('synthetic') Environments Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Research Issues Summary Essays and Exercises
HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION, MEMORY AND LANGUAGE Human-centred Design Processes for Interactive Systems Designing Informaiton in External Memory Stores Human-computer Dialogues Memory and Language in Everyday Life Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Research Issues Summary Essays and Exercises
HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION, HUMAN ERROR AND SAFETY Human Error and dEquipment Design Mental Workload in Human Machine Interaction Psychological Aspects of Human Error Characterising Human-Machine Interaction GOMS Prevention of Error in Human-Machine Interaction Accidents and Safety Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Research Issues Summary Essays and Exercises
SYSTEM DESIGN: ORGANISATIONAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS Systems Design Methods for Ergonomics Organisational Aspects: Some Macroergonomic Examples Psychosocial Factors Litigation Cross-cultural Considerations Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Research Directions Summary Essays and Exercises
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
INDEX
Overview
When faced with productivity problems in the workplace, engineers might call for better machines, and management might call for better-trained people, but ergonomists call for a better interface and better interaction between the user and the machine.
Introduction to Ergonomics, 2nd Edition, provides a comprehensive introduction to ergonomics as the study of the relationship between people and their working environment. The author presents evidence from field trials, studies and...