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More About This Textbook
Overview
About the Author:
Kathryn A. Bard is Associate Professor of Archaeology, Boston University
Editorial Reviews
From the Publisher
"A detailed and impressive volume ... Very readable and well illustrated, this book contains much information that will not be found elsewhere."
Ancient Egypt Magazine
"This book will be ideal for enthusiasts, especially for students and more so for anyone who teaches the subject at any level. As such it is likely to be well used and is highly recommended."
Ancient Egypt: The History, People and Culture of the Nile Valley
"There has never been a scholarly introduction to the archaeology of ancient Egypt that also works as a course text. Kathryn Bard's new book fills that gap. I am particularly impressed by its even coverage of all historical periods and types of evidence."
John Baines, University of Oxford
"Kathryn Bard has authored the first history of ancient Egypt based primarily on archaeological data. She is well qualified to do this as a result of her major contributions as an archaeologist to understanding the development of the state in prehistoric Egypt and of Egyptian trading relations with sub-Saharan Africa, as well as her editing of the highly successful Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. This is a broadly accessible work."
Bruce G. Trigger, McGill University
Product Details
Related Subjects
Table of Contents
List of Plates ix
List of Figures xi
List of Maps xv
Abbreviations of References Listed in Suggested Readings xvi
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
Egyptian Archaeology: Definitions and History 1
Introduction: Ancient Egyptian Civilization and its Prehistoric Predecessors 3
Egyptian Archaeology 3
Egyptology 5
History of Egyptology and Egyptian Archaeology 5
Archaeological Methods 15
Archaeological Theory 18
Ancient Egypt and Egyptian Archaeologists in Fiction and Films 19
Hieroglyphs, Language, and Pharaonic Chronology 23
Language of the Ancient Egyptians 25
Origins and Development of Egyptian Writing 25
Scripts and Media of Writing 28
Signs, Structure, and Grammar 29
Literacy in Ancient Egypt 32
Textual Studies 32
Use of Texts in Egyptian Archaeology 34
Historical Outline of Pharaonic Egypt 36
The Egyptian Civil Calendar, King Lists, and Calculation of Pharaonic Chronology 38
The Environmental Background to Pharaonic Civilization:Geography, Environment, Agriculture, and Natural Resources 45
Geography: Terms and Place Names 47
Environmental Setting 51
Environmental and Other Problems for Archaeology in Egypt 54
The Seasons and the Agricultural System 56
The Ancient Egyptian Diet 58
Other Useful Animals and Plants 60
Building Materials 61
Other Resources: Clays, Stones, Minerals 62
Imported Materials 64
Egyptian Prehistory: The Paleolithic and Neolithic 67
Paleolithic 69
Paleolithic Cultures in Egypt 69
Lower Paleolithic 71
Middle Paleolithic 72
Upper Paleolithic 76
Late Paleolithic 77
Epipaleolithic 79
Neolithic 80
Saharan Neolithic 80
Neolithic in the Nile Valley: Faiyum A and Lower Egypt 84
Neolithic in the Nile Valley: Middle and Upper Egypt 86
The Rise of Complex Society and Early Civilization 89
Predynastic Egypt 91
The Predynastic Period: Egypt in the 4th Millennium BC 91
Lower Egypt: Buto-Ma'adi Culture 91
Upper Egypt: Naqada Culture 94
Lower Nubia: A-Group Culture 101
State Formation and Unification 104
The Early Dynastic State 109
Organization and Institutions of the Early Dynastic State 109
Early Writing and Formal Art 117
The Expanding State 119
Who Were the Ancient Egyptians? Physical Anthropology 120
The Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period 121
The Old Kingdom: Overview 123
The Early Old Kingdom 128
The 3rd Dynasty: Djoser's Step Pyramid at Saqqara 128
The 4th Dynasty's First King, Sneferu, and his Three Pyramids 133
Khufu's Great Pyramid at Giza 137
The Great Sphinx and Khafra's Pyramid Complex 141
Menkaura's Giza Pyramid and its Remarkable Valley Temple Finds 143
Giza Pyramid Towns 144
Giza Mastabas, Queen Hetepheres's Hidden Tomb, and the Workmen's Cemetery 148
The Later Old Kingdom 152
Sun Temples of the 5th Dynasty 152
Later Old Kingdom Pyramids and the Pyramid Texts 153
An Expanding Bureaucracy: Private Tombs in the 5th and 6th Dynasties 157
Egypt Abroad 160
The First Intermediate Period 162
The End of the Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period: Causes of State Collapse 162
The Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period 167
The Middle Kingdom 169
The Middle Kingdom: Overview 169
Pre-Unification 11th Dynasty: Staff Tombs at Thebes 175
Mentuhotep II's Complex at Deir el-Bahri 176
Model Workers and the Deir el-Bahri Tomb of Meketra 177
12th-Dynasty Temples 178
12th- and 13th-Dynasty Pyramids 182
Towns and Domestic Architecture: Kahun and South Abydos 186
Nomarchs in Middle Egypt: The Beni Hasan Tombs 189
Mining in the Sinai and a Galena Mine in the Eastern Desert 190
Egyptian Forts in Nubia and Indigenous Peoples There 191
The Second Intermediate Period 195
The Second Intermediate Period: The Hyksos Kingdom in the North 195
The Kerma Kingdom in Upper Nubia 199
The Theban State During the Second Intermediate Period 205
The New Kingdom 207
The New Kingdom: Overview 209
The Early New Kingdom 217
Early New Kingdom Architecture: Ahmose's Abydos Pyramid Complex, and the Theban Mortuary Temples of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III 217
Amenhotep III's Malkata Palace 220
Tell el-Amarna and the Amarna Period 221
The Amarna Aftermath and Tutankhamen's Tomb 229
New Kingdom Temples 235
Restoration of the Traditional Gods: Sety I's Abydos Temple 235
The Temples of Karnak and Luxor in the New Kingdom 236
Ramessid Mortuary Temples 240
Royal and Elite Tombs 244
Royal Tombs in the Valley of the Kings and Valley of the Queens 244
Elite Tombs at Thebes and Saqqara 250
State Towns and Settlements 256
The Workmen's Village and Tombs at Deir el-Medina 256
Nubian Temple Towns 261
The Third Intermediate Period and Late Period 263
The Third Intermediate Period: Overview 265
The Late Period: Overview 269
Tanis: A New City with Royal Tombs 272
Napata/Gebel Barkal and Sanam 275
el-Kurru and Nuri: The Kushite Royal Tombs 278
Saqqara: The Serapeum and Animal Cults 281
Some High Status Tombs of the Third Intermediate Period and Late Period 284
Tell el-Maskhuta and Tell el-Herr 287
The Greco-Roman Period 289
Greco-Roman Egypt 291
The Ptolemaic Period: Overview 291
The Roman Period: Overview 295
Alexandria 299
Greco-Roman Settlements in the Faiyum 301
Two Greco-Roman Temple Complexes in Upper Egypt: Dendera and Philae 303
Sites Outside the Nile Valley 307
The Western Desert: Bahariya and Dakhla Oases 307
The Eastern Desert: Roman Ports, Forts, Roads, and Quarrying Sites 309
Nubia 314
Qasr Ibrim 314
Meroe: The Kushite Capital and Royal Cemeteries 316
The Study of Ancient Egypt 323
Glossary of Terms 327
Suggested Readings 330
Additional Readings in French, German, and Italian 357
Chapter Summaries and Discussion Questions 366
Index 382