Table of Contents
Contributors x
List of Maps xiii
List of Time Charts xiv
List of Illustrations xiv
Preface xvii
Preface to the Second Edition xviii
Preface to the Third Edition xix
Part 1 Beginnings: AD 1-325
1 Jesus: His Life, Ministry, Death and its Consequences 3
The Thought-world of Early Christianity 7
2 The Church Begins: From Jerusalem to Rome 15
Peter 17
Paul 22
3 Establishing Christianity: Challenges to the New Faith 29
Nero's Massacre 30
The Religions of the Romans 31
Mar cion 34
Tertullian 35
4 Spreading the Good News: How and Why Christianity Expanded 43
5 Archaeology and Earliest Christianity: What Archaeologists Can - and Cannot- Illuminate 49
A Christian Anagram? 51
6 What the First Christians Believed: The Faith is Defined 55
The Gnostics 57
Eusebius: 'Father of Church History' 64
Clement of Rome 65
Justin Martyr: Christian Apologist 66
Ignatius of Antioch 68
Irenaeus 70
Baptism 74
Cyprian of Carthage 78
The Manichaeans 81
7 How the First Christians Worshipped 83
How the New Testament Came Down to Us 90
Can the New Testament Text be Trusted? 92
Study Questions 94
Part 2 Acceptance and Conquest: AD 325-600
8 Constantine and the Christian Empire: Christianity Recognized 97
Ambrose of Milan 106
9 Councils and Creeds: Defining and Defending the Faith 111
Athanasius 116
Basil the Great 124
Nescorius 129
Cyril of Alexandria 130
Leo the Great 131
10 Buildings and Belief: Early Church Structures 135
11 Worship and the Christian Year: The Making of the Christian Calendar 139
12 Clergy, Bishops, and Pope: The Church Builds an Organization 145
13 The Church in North Africa: The Making of a Distinctive Tradition 151
Augustine of Hippo 154
14 The Fall of the Roman Empire: How and Why It Came to an End 159
Jerome 162
Boethius: The Consolation of Philosophy 168
15 Ascetics and Monks: The Rise of Christian Monasticism 169
Cassiodorus 175
Patrick: Missionary to the Irish 177
Columba: Celtic Missionary 178
Study Questions 184
Part 3 A Christian Society: AD 600-1500
16 The West in Crisis 187
Gregory the Great 188
Alcuin 198
17 The Eastern Church 207
John Chrysostom: Master Preacher 212
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite 213
The Paulicians and the Bogomils 217
18 Flowering: the Western Church: Reform and Resurgence 221
Thomas Becket 224
Pope Innocent III 226
Bernard of Clairvaux 229
Francis of Assisi 230
The Waldensians 244
The Sacraments in Medieval Europe 250
Anselm 253
Peter Abelatd 254
Thomas Aquinas 258
Popular Religion 265
19 Monasticism in the West 267
Interpreting the Bible in the Middle Ages 277
20 The Orthodox Church in Eastern Europe and Russia 279
The Slavic Bible 280
21 An Age of Unrest: The Western Church in the Late Middle Ages 285
Jan Hus 292
Savonarola 296
John Wyclif 298
William of Ockham 301
Study Questions 304
Part 4 Reform and Renewal: 1500-1650
22 Seeds of Renewal: The Origins of the Reformation 307
23 Reformation 319
Martin Luther 320
John Calvin 324
The Faith of the Protestants 327
Philipp Melanchthon 329
Huldrych Zwingli 333
Theodore Beza 334
Martin Bucer 340
Thomas Cranmer 340
Puritans and Separatists 341
Post-Reformation Church Architecture 342
The Unitarians 344
24 A Flood of Bibles; Scripture in the Vernacular 347
William Tyndale and the English Bible 350
25 The Radical Reformation: the Anabaptists 353
The First English Baptists 357
John Bunyan 359
26 The Catholic Reformation 361
Gasparo Contarini 363
Ignatius of Loyola 369
The Jesuits 372
Teresa of Avila 376
John of the Cross 377
George Fox and the Quakers 381
27 Art and the Spirit: Christianity and its Cultural Expression 383
Study Questions 388
Part 5 Reason, Revival, and Revolution: 1650-1789
28 Expansion Worldwide: European Missions 391
The First English Missions 406
29 Awakening: The Evangelical Revival and the Great Awakening 411
Jonathan Edwards 416
George Whitefield 418
Philipp Spener 420
Nikolaus von Zinzendorf 421
John and Charles Wesley 425
Hymns and Church Music 431
Christianity and the Rise of Modern Science 434
30 Reason and Unreason: The Rise of Rationalism 437
Blaise Pascal 439
The Reasonableness of Christianity 448
31 The Russian Church: 1500-1900 451
Study Questions 456
Part 6 Cities and Empires: 1789-1914
32 Europe in Revolt: Church and State in the Nineteenth Century 459
Pope Pius IX 466
33 The First Industrial Nation: The Industrial Revolution and the British Churches 473
William Wilberforce 480
The Oxford Movement 484
The Brethren 486
C.H. Spurgeon: 'Prince of Preachers' 487
John Henry Newman 488
The Evangelicals 490
34 A Crusade among Equals: Revivalism, Abolition, and Evangelism in the USA 493
D.L. Moody: Mass Evangelist 494
Hymns and Church Music after 1800 497
35 A World Come of Age: Science and Philosophy Challenge Christianity 499
Friedrich Schleiermacher 503
36 Outposts of Empire: The Nineteenth-century Missionary Explosion 507
William Catey 510
The Bible Societies 512
David Livingstone 520
Hudson Taylor 523
Samuel Ajayi Crowther 525
Study Questions 530
Part 7 A Century of Conflict: 1914-2001
37 An Age of Ideology: Nationalism, Communism, and Individualism take on Christianity 533
Karl Barth 540
The Christian Church and the Jews 542
Billy Graham 553
Martin Luther King 559
Christians, War, and Peace 563
38 An Age of Anxiety: Theological Thinking m Troubled Era 565
Albert Schweitzer 567
Dietrich Bonhoeffer 575
39 Pentecostalism and the Charismatic Movement 593
African Independent Churches 598
40 The Arts in the Christian West 601
C. S. Lewis 603
41 Organizing for Unity 605
Pope John XXIII 607
42 An Age of Liberation 609
Hélder Câmara 614
Study Questions 622
Part 8 Epilogue: A New Millennium
43 Present and Future: The Church in an Ever-changing World 625
Study Questions 643
Study Questions on Sections 643
Further Resources on the History of Christianity 643
Glossary 644
Index 656
Picture Acknowledgments 666
