Invisible Users: Youth in the Internet Cafés of Urban Ghana
An account of how young people in Ghana's capital city adopt and adapt digital technology in the margins of the global economy.

The urban youth frequenting the Internet cafés of Accra, Ghana, who are decidedly not members of their country's elite, use the Internet largely as a way to orchestrate encounters across distance and amass foreign ties—activities once limited to the wealthy, university-educated classes. The Internet, accessed on second-hand computers (castoffs from the United States and Europe), has become for these youths a means of enacting a more cosmopolitan self. In Invisible Users, Jenna Burrell offers a richly observed account of how these Internet enthusiasts have adopted, and adapted to their own priorities, a technological system that was not designed with them in mind.

Burrell describes the material space of the urban Internet café and the virtual space of push and pull between young Ghanaians and the foreigners they encounter online; the region's famous 419 scam strategies and the rumors of “big gains” that fuel them; the influential role of churches and theories about how the supernatural operates through the network; and development rhetoric about digital technologies and the future viability of African Internet cafés in the region.

Burrell, integrating concepts from science and technology studies and African studies with empirical findings from her own field work in Ghana, captures the interpretive flexibility of technology by users in the margins but also highlights how their invisibility puts limits on their full inclusion into a global network society.

1110775463
Invisible Users: Youth in the Internet Cafés of Urban Ghana
An account of how young people in Ghana's capital city adopt and adapt digital technology in the margins of the global economy.

The urban youth frequenting the Internet cafés of Accra, Ghana, who are decidedly not members of their country's elite, use the Internet largely as a way to orchestrate encounters across distance and amass foreign ties—activities once limited to the wealthy, university-educated classes. The Internet, accessed on second-hand computers (castoffs from the United States and Europe), has become for these youths a means of enacting a more cosmopolitan self. In Invisible Users, Jenna Burrell offers a richly observed account of how these Internet enthusiasts have adopted, and adapted to their own priorities, a technological system that was not designed with them in mind.

Burrell describes the material space of the urban Internet café and the virtual space of push and pull between young Ghanaians and the foreigners they encounter online; the region's famous 419 scam strategies and the rumors of “big gains” that fuel them; the influential role of churches and theories about how the supernatural operates through the network; and development rhetoric about digital technologies and the future viability of African Internet cafés in the region.

Burrell, integrating concepts from science and technology studies and African studies with empirical findings from her own field work in Ghana, captures the interpretive flexibility of technology by users in the margins but also highlights how their invisibility puts limits on their full inclusion into a global network society.

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Invisible Users: Youth in the Internet Cafés of Urban Ghana

Invisible Users: Youth in the Internet Cafés of Urban Ghana

by Jenna Burrell
Invisible Users: Youth in the Internet Cafés of Urban Ghana

Invisible Users: Youth in the Internet Cafés of Urban Ghana

by Jenna Burrell

Hardcover(New Edition)

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Overview

An account of how young people in Ghana's capital city adopt and adapt digital technology in the margins of the global economy.

The urban youth frequenting the Internet cafés of Accra, Ghana, who are decidedly not members of their country's elite, use the Internet largely as a way to orchestrate encounters across distance and amass foreign ties—activities once limited to the wealthy, university-educated classes. The Internet, accessed on second-hand computers (castoffs from the United States and Europe), has become for these youths a means of enacting a more cosmopolitan self. In Invisible Users, Jenna Burrell offers a richly observed account of how these Internet enthusiasts have adopted, and adapted to their own priorities, a technological system that was not designed with them in mind.

Burrell describes the material space of the urban Internet café and the virtual space of push and pull between young Ghanaians and the foreigners they encounter online; the region's famous 419 scam strategies and the rumors of “big gains” that fuel them; the influential role of churches and theories about how the supernatural operates through the network; and development rhetoric about digital technologies and the future viability of African Internet cafés in the region.

Burrell, integrating concepts from science and technology studies and African studies with empirical findings from her own field work in Ghana, captures the interpretive flexibility of technology by users in the margins but also highlights how their invisibility puts limits on their full inclusion into a global network society.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780262017367
Publisher: MIT Press
Publication date: 05/04/2012
Series: Acting with Technology
Edition description: New Edition
Pages: 248
Product dimensions: 6.20(w) x 9.10(h) x 0.80(d)
Age Range: 18 Years

About the Author

Jenna Burrell is Associate Professor in the School of Information at the University of California, Berkeley.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments ix

1 Introduction 1

Interpreting Technology in the Peripheries 6

Weak and Strong Materiality in Cultural Accounts 10

Reconceiving Users in Global Technology Studies 17

2 Youth and the Indeterminate Space of the Internet Café 29

Immobility in a Mobile Age 29

On Method and the Internet Cafe as a Space of Traveling Through 32

Youth in Urban Ghana 39

Peer Groups in the Internet Cafe 42

The Deterritorialization of the Internet Cafe 47

Conclusion 51

3 Ghanaians Online and the Innovation of 419Scams 55

Breakdowns and Disillusionment in Online Cross-Cultural Encounters 58

The 419 Email Scam and Its Variants 64

Disembodiment and Gender Swapping as a Scam Strategy 67

Manipulating Representations of Africa for the Foreign Gaze 73

Conclusion 78

4 Rumor and the Morality of the Internet 81

Rumors as Accounts 85

A Typology of Rumors about the Internet in Urban Ghana 88

Rumors and the Construction of a Moral Order 90

Orality in Contemporary Urban and Digital Domains 97

Conclusion 102

5 Practical Metaphysics and the Efficacy of the Internet 105

A Brief History of Religious Movements in Ghana 108

The Internet and Technology in Church Sermons and Testimonials 114

Networking Christians and Christendom as a Network 117

Can Spiritual Entities Traverse Electronic Links? 121

Conclusion 128

6 Linking the Internet to Development at a World Summit 133

Arriving at the WSIS Regional Conference 136

Why Hold a World Summit on the Information Society? 140

Ventriloquism 147

Alliance Building 151

Conclusion 154

7 The Import of Secondhand Computers and the Dilemma of Electronic Waste 159

Strategies of Transnational Family Businesses in the Secondhand Electronics Trade 164

Electronic Waste Dumping and Further Dimensions of Marginality in Ghana 173

Conclusion 181

8 Becoming Visible 183

The Rise of Sakawa 185

On the Neutrality of the Network 191

Materiality and Marginalization 198

Notes 201

References 213

Index 231

What People are Saying About This

Christopher M. Kelty

Too often, scholars and practitioners of information technology have used Africa as a foil for modernity and development without ever bothering to see what is happening there. This book is an extraordinary corrective. Rich with stories of Ghanaian life from the Internet Café to the Pentecostal church to the UN World Summit on Information Society, it uses this material to reformulate ideas of agency, materiality, orality and marginality. Invisible Users is a work on the global spread of information technology unlike any other, and a model for any to come.

Trevor Pinch

In this fascinating ethnography of life in internet cafes in Ghana, Jenna Burrell shows how a blend of scammers, religion, and a grey market produce a new form of digital marginality. Exploring the 'material turn' in science and technology studies, this book makes an important contribution to media studies, development studies, and anthropology.

Endorsement

Too often, scholars and practitioners of information technology have used Africa as a foil for modernity and development without ever bothering to see what is happening there. This book is an extraordinary corrective. Rich with stories of Ghanaian life from the Internet Café to the Pentecostal church to the UN World Summit on Information Society, it uses this material to reformulate ideas of agency, materiality, orality and marginality. Invisible Users is a work on the global spread of information technology unlike any other, and a model for any to come.

Christopher M. Kelty, Associate Professor of Anthropology and Information Studies, UCLA

From the Publisher

"In this fascinating ethnography of life in internet cafes in Ghana, Jenna Burrell shows how a blend of scammers, religion, and a grey market produce a new form of digital marginality. Exploring the 'material turn' in science and technology studies, this book makes an important contribution to media studies, development studies, and anthropology."--Trevor
Pinch
, Professor of Science and Technology Studies, Cornell University

The MIT Press

"Jenna Burrell offers a vivid and detailed portrait of a corner of the internet few of us consider closely -- the hundreds of millions of internet users in the developing world who share the online spaces we inhabit. Burrell's in-depth examination of internet culture in Ghana shatters stereotypes with nuance, encouraging us to think through complex issues like advance fee fraud, computer recycling and cross-cultural encounter from the perspective of ordinary,
middle-class Africans approaching the internet with fears and hopes both similar and different to the ones we hold."--Ethan Zuckerman, Director, Center for Civic Media at
MIT

The MIT Press

"Too often, scholars and practitioners of information technology have used Africa as a foil for modernity and development without ever bothering to see what is happening there. This book is an extraordinary corrective. Rich with stories of Ghanaian life from the Internet Café to the Pentecostal church to the UN World Summit on Information Society, it uses this material to reformulate ideas of agency, materiality, orality and marginality. Invisible
Users
is a work on the global spread of information technology unlike any other, and a model for any to come."--Christopher M. Kelty, Associate Professor of
Anthropology and Information Studies, UCLA

The MIT Press

"In this well-written and compelling book, Burrell deftly supports her conviction that future scholarship must recognize the inconsistencies inherent in the digital experiences of those who live in the margins of our global society." -- Practical
Matters

The MIT Press

Ethan Zuckerman

Jenna Burrell offers a vivid and detailed portrait of a corner of the internet few of us consider closely—the hundreds of millions of internet users in the developing world who share the online spaces we inhabit. Burrell's in-depth examination of internet culture in Ghana shatters stereotypes with nuance, encouraging us to think through complex issues like advance fee fraud, computer recycling and cross-cultural encounter from the perspective of ordinary, middle-class Africans approaching the internet with fears and hopes both similar and different to the ones we hold.

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