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| Explanation of Primary Source Citations | xi | |
| Preface | xiii | |
| I. | Reading Kierkegaard's Pseudonymous Literature | |
| 1. | Writing About Kierkegaard | 1 |
| 2. | The Specific Character of this Book: How it Differs from Some Others | 3 |
| 3. | Getting Started: The Problem of Pseudonymity | 6 |
| 4. | Indirect Communication and Subjective Understanding: A First Look | 9 |
| 5. | Existence-Spheres and Pseudonymity | 11 |
| II. | Reading Johannes Climacus | |
| 1. | Hegel and Christianity | 17 |
| 2. | Climacus' Personal Characteristics: A "Humoristic, Experimental Psychologist" | 21 |
| 3. | The Fragments as an Example of an "Experiment" | 24 |
| 4. | The Postscript: Combatting Intellectualism and "Christendom" | 28 |
| III. | Existence and Existence Spheres: Climacus' Reading of Kierkegaard's Pseudonymous Literature | |
| 1. | The Aesthetic Life | 33 |
| 2. | The Ethical Life: Existence and Passion | 36 |
| 3. | Religious Existence | 41 |
| 4. | The Nature of the Spheres of Existence | 46 |
| 5. | Climacus and Kierkegaard Again: Viewing the Pseudonyms | 49 |
| IV. | Existence and Passion: "Reduplicating" Eternity in Time | |
| 1. | Existence as a Contrasting Synthesis | 55 |
| 2. | The Eternal | 59 |
| 3. | Is Climacus a Metaphysician? | 64 |
| 4. | Temporality | 66 |
| 5. | Passion | 68 |
| V. | Existence and the Ethical: Becoming a Self | |
| 1. | The Ethical as the Sphere of Responsible Choice | 73 |
| 2. | "Soul-Making" vs. "Society-Transforming" Ethics | 75 |
| 3. | Are Ethical "Results" Important? | 78 |
| 4. | The Content of the Ethical Task: Supplying Matter for the Ethical Form | 81 |
| 5. | Soul-Making Ethics: A Humanistic Ethic for Today? | 86 |
| VI. | Subjectivity and Communication | |
| 1. | Communication and Existence | 95 |
| 2. | Objective and Subjective Communication | 96 |
| 3. | Is Subjective Reflection Thought or Action? | 98 |
| 4. | A Type of Subjective Understanding That IS Equivalent to Action: Existential Understanding | 100 |
| 5. | Communicating Subjectivity: The Concept of the Maieutic | 102 |
| 6. | Methods for Communicating Indirectly | 105 |
| 7. | Types of Maieutic Communicators | 107 |
| 8. | A Critical Note: Communication as a Relational Concept | 111 |
| VII. | Truth and Subjectivity | |
| 1. | Truth and Salvation | 115 |
| 2. | Classical Theories of Truth and Their Limitations | 116 |
| 3. | Truth and Existence | 119 |
| 4. | Moral and Religious Truth as "Essential Truth": Can a Life be True? | 123 |
| 5. | Does Subjective Truth Exclude Objective Truth? | 127 |
| 6. | Truth as a Function of Passion | 131 |
| 7. | Subjectivity as Untruth: The Christian Perspective | 133 |
| VIII. | Immanent Religion (1): God and an Eternal Happiness | |
| 1. | Philosophical Reflection on the Religious Life | 137 |
| 2. | Religion and Ethics | 139 |
| 3. | An Eternal Happiness and the Absolute Telos | 141 |
| 4. | An Eternal Happiness as a God-Relationship | 147 |
| IX. | Immanent Religion (2): Resignation, Suffering, and Guilt | |
| 1. | The Religious Life as a Process | 161 |
| 2. | Negativity | 162 |
| 3. | The Initial Task: Resignation and "the Absolute Commitment to the Absolute" | 163 |
| 4. | Suffering | 168 |
| 5. | "Spiritual Trial" and the Transcending of the Ethical Stage | 173 |
| 6. | Guilt | 176 |
| X. | Irony and Humor: Some Boundary Situations | |
| 1. | Irony and Humor as Existential Transition Zones | 185 |
| 2. | Contradiction and Negativity in Life | 187 |
| 3. | Culture and Reflection: Is the Theory of Existence-Spheres Universal or Applicable Only to an Elite? | 190 |
| 4. | Irony | 192 |
| 5. | Re-thinking the Existence-Spheres: Where to Place Humor in Relation to Religiousness | 195 |
| 6. | Humor as Recollection and "Revoking": Climacus as Humorist | 201 |
| XI. | Transcendent Religion (1): Reason and the Paradox | |
| 1. | Climacus and Christianity: Existence-Communication | 207 |
| 2. | Can Faith Be Rationally Examined? | 210 |
| 3. | Logic and the Paradox: Is the Paradox a Formal Contradction? | 212 |
| 4. | Is the Paradox an Apparent Contradiction? | 219 |
| 5. | The Paradox as the Boundary of Reason | 222 |
| 6. | The Perfect Synthesis of Time and Eternity: "The Strangest of All Things" | 225 |
| 7. | The Paradox: Against and/or Above Reason? | 232 |
| 8. | Kierkegaard and Climacus on the Paradox | 237 |
| 9. | The Functions of the Paradox | 240 |
| XII. | Transcendent Religion (2): Faith and History | |
| 1. | Introduction | 247 |
| 2. | Faith and Historical Evidence | 251 |
| (1) | Faith as Not Based on Historical Evidence | |
| (2) | Faith as Built on Historical Evidence | |
| 3. | The Nature of Faith | 260 |
| (1) | Faith in the Ordinary Sense | |
| (2) | Faith in the Eminent Sense | |
| 4. | Faith and Sin-Consciousness | 271 |
| 5. | The Leap | 274 |
| 6. | Can Faith Be Understood? | 277 |
| XIII. | Conclusions: Objectivity and Subjectivity in Human Existence | |
| 1. | The Inner and the Outer | 281 |
| 2. | The Ethical Life | 287 |
| 3. | The Natural Religious Life | 287 |
| 4. | Christian Existence | 289 |
| Selected Bibliography | 293 |