Table of Contents
Introduction 1
1 Reasons 7
Introduction 7
1.1 Reasons and Normativity 9
1.2 Reasons and Roles 27
Conclusion 30
2 Reasons, Kinds, Ontology 32
Introduction 32
2.1 How Many Kinds of Reasons? 33
2.2 Ontology: Reasons, Facts, Truths 40
Conclusion 51
3 Motivation and Desires 53
Introduction 53
3.1 The Concept of Motivation 53
3.2 Are Desires Motivating Reasons? 63
3.3 What Is a Desire? 65
3.4 The Ambiguity of 'Desire' 87
Conclusion 88
4 Desires and Motivating Reasons 90
Introduction 90
4.1 What Is Desired and Motivating Reasons 91
4.2 Having Rational Desires and Motivating Reasons 100
4.3 Having Bodily Desires and Motivating Reasons 111
4.4 Desiring and Motivation 118
Conclusion 122
5 Beliefs and Motivating Reasons 124
Introduction 124
5.1 Two Conceptions of Motivating Reasons 124
5.2 A Non-Psychological Conception of Motivating Reasons 131
5.3 Error Cases and Motivating Reasons 135
5.4 What Is Believed 147
5.5 True Beliefs, False Beliefs, and Motivating Reasons 154
5.6 Beliefs and Motivation 158
Conclusion 163
6 The Explanation of Action 165
Introduction 165
6.1 The Variety of Action Explanations 166
6.2 Reason Explanations of Action 170
6.3 The Relation between Reason and Humean Explanations of Action 181
6.4 Non-Humean Psychological Explanations of Action 185
6.5 Purposive Explanations 191
Conclusion 197
Conclusion 199
References 201
Index 207
