Land Development

by Daisy Linda Kone

Overview

Land developers know that success hinges on knowledge, planning, and experience. Whether you are new to the field or are looking to brush up your knowledge, Land Development is your comprehensive resource to this demanding and exciting industry. Packed with photos, illustrations, checklists, and practical guidance, the 10th edition is an indispensable reference for any developer or builder wanting to understand the essentials of residential land development. You will acquire extensive knowledge of the interrelated factors that contribute to a successful land development project, including: • Market analysis • Financing strategies • Site selection and analysis • Master plan conceptualization • Environmental regulations • Site engineering and storm water management • Design of neighborhoods and streets • Innovations in housing types The 10th edition of Land Development provides you with the latest details concerning major environmental regulations that affect land development, emerging demographics for targeted marketing, and new innovations in housing types. With land becoming an ever more precious resource in the midst of unprecedented population growth, the reliable information in Land Development will give you the edge that seasoned professionals use to acquire the most desirable tracts of land. Clearly written and logically organized, this classic text is used extensively in land development college curricula. This new edition also includes eight pages of full-color photographs of the nation's leading developments. "I recently read Land Development. It was exactly what I was looking for - a readable, comprehensive introduction to the development process." - Greg Sundt, Manager, Installed Services Guardian Building Products, Greer, South Carolina

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780867186888
Publisher:	BuilderBooks
Publication date:	06/01/2006
Sold by:	INDEPENDENT PUB GROUP - EPUB - EBKS
Format:	eBook
Pages:	392
File size:	13 MB
Note:	This product may take a few minutes to download.

About the Author

Daisy Linda Kone is an architect, planner, and manager in the design-build residential construction industry. A consultant based in Houston, Texas, she specializes in the environmental impact of construction and residential construction development. She is co-author of The Public Works Manual with Andrés Duany and Stephen Mouzon, a collection of standards and street assemblies designed for mixed-use residential and commercial development projects.

Table of Contents

About the Author     xvii
Acknowledgments     xix
Disclaimer     xxi
Introduction     1
The Concept     2
The Project Team     6
Increasing Land Development Constraints     8
The Effect of Social Changes on New Development Types     9
Identifying Your Market     11
Types of Market Studies     12
General     13
Site Specific     14
Highest and Best Use     15
Customer Profile     15
What Kind of Study Do You Need?     16
Housing Supply and Demand     17
Housing Mix     18
Projecting Demand     19
Adjusting the Projection     20
Sources of Demographic Data     24
Census Data     25
Other Sources of Demographic Data     27
Capture Ratio     27
Understanding the Target Market     28
Psychographic Data     28
Specialized Knowledge     32
Project Viability     35
When to Study the Market     35
Before Land Purchase     36
After Land Purchase     37
During ProjectBuild-Out and Sales     38
After Project Completion     38
Purchasing Market Information     39
In-House Market Studies     39
Professional Market Studies     40
Continue to Market     43
Advertising and Other Marketing Activities     43
Selling the Project     44
Selling to Builders     44
Selling to Home Buyers     45
Reducing Risk in Today's Marketplace     46
Financing Your Project     47
Loan-to-Value Ratios     48
Real Estate Collateral     49
Risks     50
Development Financing     50
Sources of Capital     51
Types of Loans     54
Acquisition Loan     56
Other Types of Land Purchase Agreements     57
Development Loan     59
Construction Loan     62
Permanent and Interim Financing     62
Alternative Sources of Financing     63
Partnerships and Investors     64
REITs     64
Joint Ventures     65
Pension Funds     65
Assessing Project Feasibility     66
Pro Forma Analysis      67
Cash Flow Diagram     68
Sensitivity Analysis     70
Profit Analysis     72
Accuracy of Methods     74
Future of Development Financing     75
Proper Documentation Eliminates Potential Mistakes     76
Site Selection     79
Two Approaches to Site Selection     80
Development Idea in Search of Site     80
Site in Search of Master Plan Concept     82
Three Categories of Site Characteristics     83
Physical Factors     85
Geotechnical Conditions     85
Topographical Conditions     89
Site Features     92
Hazards     95
Improvements     97
Site History     97
Legal and Political Factors     98
Zoning     98
Planned Growth     100
Comprehensive Land Use Plan     100
Subdivision Ordinances     102
Contiguous Property     104
Overlapping Regulations     104
Political Factors     105
Off-Site Factors     108
Special Studies     109
Environmental Impact Studies     109
Storm Water Management Plan      110
Wetlands Review     110
Traffic Studies     111
Tree Surveys     112
Sources of Information     112
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)     113
Evaluating Preliminary Site Data     114
Organizing Site Data     114
Decision Matrix     115
Starting with the Site     119
Developing Brownfield and Grayfield Sites     120
Site Selection and the Target Market     121
Site Analysis     123
Gathering Additional Data     123
Project Design     124
Project Costs     124
Site Analysis Tools     125
Current Maps     125
Drawings and Tests     125
Land Survey     126
Physical Factors     127
Topography     127
Soils and Subsurface Conditions     130
Hydrology and Drainage Requirements     131
Storm Water Runoff     135
Site Features     135
Project Opportunities     136
Project Constraints     141
Regulatory Requirements     144
Zoning     145
Design Standards      145
Mixed-Use or Planned Unit Development     147
Subdivision Review Process     149
Environmental Approvals     152
Building Codes     153
Off-Site Factors     154
Frontage Roads and Sidewalks     154
Utilities     155
Applying Site Analysis to the Master Plan     156
Producing Multiple Solutions     157
Selecting a Final Concept     160
Major Environmental Regulations Affecting Development     163
Transforming the Physical Environment     163
Regulatory Climate     164
Creative Alternatives     165
Environmental Permitting     166
Reviewing Project Impact     166
Submittal Process     167
Key Areas     169
Wetlands     170
Hazardous Wastes and Contaminated Properties     177
Brownfields     179
Water Quality     182
Air Quality     186
Noise Control     187
Radon     188
Plants and Wildlife     192
New Approach to Development     193
Marketing the Environment     194
The Green Developer      195
Recognition Programs     195
Environmental Awareness     196
Developing a Master Plan Concept     197
Evolving Target Markets     198
Initial Idea     200
Producing the Master Plan Concept     200
Community Identity     201
Site Characteristics     202
Target Market's Preferences     203
Regional Considerations     205
Sense of Community     206
Social Interaction     207
Planning for Privacy     207
Creating a Unique Place     208
Finalizing the Master Plan     211
Services and Amenities     212
Two Basic Community Types     213
Conventional Suburban Developments     213
Pedestrian-Supportive Developments     214
The Master-Planned Community Today     217
Choosing CSD or PSD     217
Infill or Pocket Development     219
Urban Renewal and Residential Development     219
Development Guidelines     220
Architectural Guidelines     220
Construction Guidelines     222
Deed Restrictions and Covenants     223
Master Plans of the Future      224
Sample Projects     224
Site Engineering and Storm Water Management     225
Site Engineering Plan Components     225
Master Plan     227
Conceptual Grading Plan     227
Storm Water Management Plan     228
Erosion and Sediment Control Plan     228
Grading Plan     229
Cut and Fill     229
Spot Elevations and Slopes     229
Code Compliance     230
Microengineering Process     232
Best Management Practices     234
Principles     236
Types of Systems     237
Designing Closed Systems     239
Designing Open Systems     243
Combining Open and Closed Systems     244
Storm Water Drainage Plan     247
Site Drainage Patterns     247
Rational Formula     249
Subarea Drainage Requirements     250
Retention and Detention Basins     253
Creating Project Amenities     258
Erosion and Sediment Control Plan     259
Temporary Control Measures     262
Permanent Control Measures     266
Site Engineering and Your Project      266
Residential Streets     267
Street Design     267
Evolution of Street Design     268
Local Street Standards     269
Applying Local Standards to the Master Plan     271
Two Basic Models: CSD and PSD     272
Street Patterns     273
Choosinge a Pattern     274
Street Width     276
Cul-de-Sac Turnarounds     278
Street Geometry     281
Intersections     281
Curb or Corner Radius     282
Vertical and Horizontal Alignment     283
Entrances     286
Multiple Entrances     286
Single Entrance     287
Sidewalks and Pedestrian Activity     289
Landscaping     289
Focal Points and Pedestrian Routes     290
Alleys     291
Utilities     291
Cross Sections and Storm Water Runoff Systems     293
Runoff Systems for Center Crowns     293
Runoff Systems for Inverted Crowns     293
Basic Street Design Process     294
Enhancing Your Project's Identity     295
Selecting Housing Types     301
What the Buyer Wants      302
General Design Issues     302
Density and Pattern     303
Single-Family Detached, Large Lot     304
Single-Family Detached, Small Lot     305
Attached Housing     310
Other Types of Housing     320
Matching the Target Market's Demands to Housing Types     321
Style Preferences     323
Site Characteristics     324
Climate     326
Home Buyer's Identity     332
The Key to Success     332
Sources of Marketing Data     335
Land Development Considerations Checklists     339
Resources     353