Learning Perl for WIN32

Read an Excerpt

Chapter 1: Introduction

In this chapter:

• History of Perl
  
• Purpose of Perl
  
• Availability
  
• Support
  
• Basic Concepts
  
• A Stroll Through Perl
  
• Exercises

History of Perl

Perl is a language designed for people who need to get things done. Written by the amazing Larry Wall as a kind of glue language to tie together all of the loose ends of everyday computing life, Perl is a tool for leveraging the skills and tools that you already have. Perl has become an indispensable boon to Windows NT webmasters, power users, administrators, and programmers who have discovered how much easier it is to get their work done when Perl is doing some of it for them.

Do you know a little about C? Then you probably already know a lot about Perl. In fact, if you have used any programming or scripting language before, you might be surprised at how familiar Perl looks. Perl is not only an easy language to use, but also makes great use of your existing tools and solutions.

Perl is an easy language, but it's also a rich language, offering lots of functionality right out of the box. You'll be surprised at how much you can do with just a little bit of Perl code. Often, rewriting a small scrap of Perl wizardry requires hundreds of lines of C. Some languages that let you do a lot with a little don't let you do a whole lot. Perl not only lets you do a lot, it lets you do so with minimal effort. And if you run into something that you can't do in Perl, you'll find most likely that Perl will cooperate quite nicely with whatever you do have to do it in.

For many addicts, Perl is more than a language, it's an entire culture. For many folks, Perl was an indispensable part of their UNIX toolkits that they took with them to new environments. As a result, Perl grew, and became even more general and more powerful. What was once just an exceptional text-processing language that bound UNIX programs together has become a widespread language that seems to bind much of the Internet together. Perl is now used to create web pages, read Usenet news, do system administration and systems programming, write network clients and servers, and much more.

The three chief virtues of a Perl programmer (indeed, of any programmer) are sometimes said to be laziness, impatience, and hubris. Although these may seem like undesirable qualities at first blush (just ask your SO), there's more to this than there appears to be.

Laziness is the quality that makes you take great efforts to reduce the overall amount of work that you have to do. Lazy programmers are apt to develop reusable and general solutions that can be used in more than one place, and are more apt to document what they do, so that they don't have to ever waste time or torture their brains figuring it out again.

Impatient programmers get angry whenever they have to do anything that the computer could be doing for them. Hence, they develop programs that anticipate their needs and solve problems for them, so that they can do less (there's that laziness again) while accomplishing more.

Finally, hubris is that quality which makes programmers write programs that they want other people to see (and be able to maintain). Hubris is also a quality that promotes innovation: if you think that you have a better way and you're not afraid to prove it, you're often right.

Odd ideas for a culture, perhaps, but effective ones. Here's another tenet of the Perl way: "There's more than one way to do it." What this means is that Perl programmers are a results-oriented lot. They're likely to applaud any tool that gets the job done, regardless of whether or not the code looks like something they would have written. Another side effect of this tenet that particularly endears itself to Win32 Perl programmers is that Perl is highly portable. Although ready-made scripts that you find on the Net may use existing UNIX tools or UNIX system calls that aren't portable to the Windows environment (this scenario has led Win32 programmers to say, "There's more than one way to do it, and it's a good thing, because most of the ways don't work"), you can nearly always find a way to make them work (and nobody will make fun of you if your solution is perhaps somewhat less than elegant).

True to this philosophy, Perl stands for either Practical Extraction and Report Language or Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister (both derivations are sanctioned by the Perl community). Perl for Win32 sprang into existence when Microsoft commissioned ActiveState Tool Corporation (formerly Hip Communications) to do a port for inclusion in the Windows NT Resource Kit. ActiveState is still improving Perl for Win32, extending it with functionality specific to the Win32 platforms, and incorporating the best and most appropriate new features as they are added to the core Perl distribution.

You'll find that Pert for Win32 uses some of the coolest and most compelling technologies available to Windows programmers including OLE automation, ODBC database connectivity, ActiveX scripting, and much more. The source code for Pert (including Pert for Win32) is freely available and freely redistributable. If you want to extend Pert to provide additional features, or embed the interpreter in your own application, you can easily do so.

You'll also find that the Pert community believes in (and practices) information and code sharing. There is an archive network (called the CPAN, for Comprehensive Pert Archive Network), where you can find thousands of existing Pert programs and code fragments.

In addition to a vast body of high quality pre-written code, Pert excels at rapid application development. Part of this is due to the powerful qualities of language that let you do lots Of work with a few statements-another part is due to the Pert development tools themselves.

Perl is an interpreted language, but it might work a little bit differently from other interpreted languages that you've used. Pert is actually both a compiler and an interpreter, When you invoke the Pert interpreter on a Perl script file, the file is first Compiled and optimized, then efficiently executed. Not only does this allow for efficient runtime execution, it also promotes a quick development cycle, in which you can quickly make changes and rerun your script without going through a long compile and link cycle.

In spite of Perl's relatively free syntax, you can easily develop correct Pert programs. Not only is there a Pert debugger, but the compiler itself will issue informative warnings when you're treading on thin ice. Furthermore, the interpreter doesn't execute unless the program compiles completely. This feature saves You from the common interpreted-language nightmare in which the first half of Your program works and does Something to a file, and then the second half doesn't.

Purpose of Perl

Well, you've made it through the Pert hype. You might be wondering why you'd ever use Perl. This section provides a couple of ideas.

You can use Perl for World Wide Web (www) programming. You've probably heard that Pert has become a sort of lingua franca for the Web (actually, you may have heard that statement for more than one language, but we'll say it again here). Pert cannot only be used as a CGI language (for which there are wonderful modules available), but it can be used as an ISAPI extension (an in-process extension to your web server), or even as an ActiveX scripting language. You can also use Perl to validate HTML syntax, to verify that web hyperlinks are still correct, and to fetch URLs from the Internet.

You can use Perl for many system administration chores. Not only will Perl let you manipulate the Registry, the Event Log, and Windows NT user account information, it's also the best tool going for processing log files of nearly any format.

You can use Perl to drive your favorite word processor or spreadsheet using OLE Automation. You can use the freely available Win32::ODBC module or Active Data Objects (ADO) to access your favorite local or enterprise database.

You can use Perl to retrieve (and filter) your email and Usenet news. You can use Perl to send email, interact with FTP and HTTP servers, and be a client for nearly any other type of Internet server you can dream up.

You can use Perl to process textual or numerical data, to prototype projects, to do quick search and replace functions in text files, to drive the execution of a sequence of commands, and much, much more.

In short, Perl can do zillions of thing to help you do your job faster and get back to doing things that are fun (many of which you can also use Perl to do). And along the way, you might find that the journey itself can be a lot of fun.

Like any language, Perl can be "write only"; it's possible to write programs that are impossible to read. But with proper care, you can avoid this common accusation. Yes, sometimes Perl looks like line noise to the uninitiated, but to the seasoned Perl programmer, it looks like checksummed line noise with a mission in life. If you follow the guidelines of this book, your programs should be easy to read and easy to maintain, but they probably won't win any obfuscated Perl contests....