This timely research discusses how developing countries can factor in competing arguments about the impending arrival of practical hydrogen fuel technology as they explore options for future policies.
Since the mid-1990s, the emergence of a hydrogen economy and the speed of its arrival have been vigorously debated. The debate has mainly been among policymakers and industrial or energy firms in the developed nations. Their policies, along with the technological competencies and competitive practices of related industries, have played a central role in shaping both the debate and the direction of technological change.
For developing countries the current debate highlights the uncertainties involved in making choices about hydrogen and fuel cells in transportation planning. Whether a hydrogenbased transportation system becomes viable sooner (by 2020) or later (2050 or beyond) is a key issue in their attempts to plan national energy, environment, and transportation policies.
There are still many significant problems to solve before hydrogen becomes a practical fuel source. Dominant designs for the production, storage, and distribution of hydrogen haven't been established, and the performance of today's hydrogen protonexchange— membrane fuel cells isn't competitive with that of the combustion engine. However, costs are coming down, and the efficiency and durability of hydrogen fuel cells are improving.
Tables and figures viii
Contributors xii
Preface xviii
Acknowledgements xxiv
Acronyms xxvi
Part I Hydrogen and fuel cells - An ongoing debate 1
Introduction 3
1 Hydrogen fuel cells and alternatives in the transport sector: A framework for analysis Lynn K. Mytelka 5
2 The Japanese strategy for R&D on fuel-cell technology and on-road verification test of fuel-cell vehicles Hisashi Ishitani Yasuko Baba 39
3 The US Hydrogen Fuel Initiative Steven G. Chalk James F. Miller 64
4 Passion, purpose and partnerships: Building the hydrogen infrastructure Gabriel F. de Scheemaker 84
Part II Making choices about hydrogen and fuel cells for sustainable transport 95
Introduction 97
5 Alternative transport fuels in developing countries and implications for approaching hydrogen Grant Boyle 101
6 The ethanol and biodiesel programmes in Brazil Paulo Teixeira de Sousa Jr Evandro L. Dall'Oglio Michele Sato Jose M. Marta Rodrigo Aleixo Brito de Azevedo Celio Spindola 118
7 Diversifying the energy portfolio: Competencies and investment opportunities in Nigeria R. S. O. Samuel 141
8 Egypt's policies and measures for sustainable transport Ibrahim Abdel Gelil 151
9 Practical pathways towards a "hydrogen economy": A view from Iceland Agust Valfells 170
Part III Hydrogen fuel cells and the global automobile industry 181
Introduction 183
10 The strategies of the Japanese auto industry in developing hybrid and fuel-cell vehicles Masaru Yarime Hideaki Shiroyama Yusuke Kuroki 187
11 The race to develop fuel cells: Possible lessons of the Canadian experience for developing countries Maureen Appel Molot 213
12 Automobile emissions and the environment: TheMalaysian experience Fatimah Kari Rajah Rasiah 231
Part IV Strategies and roadmaps 255
Introduction 257
13 Transition to hydrogen and fuel cells Remco Hoogma 260
14 Future prospects and public policy implications for hydrogen and fuel-cell technologies in Canada Kevin Fitzgibbons 278
15 Hydrogen and fuel-cell activities in China Ming Pingwen Lun Jingguang Lynn Mytelka 295
16 Developing a strategy for the application of emerging hydrogen and fuel-cell technologies in Nigeria's transport sector A. O. Adegbulugbe Adeola Adenikinju Abiodun S. Momodu 309
17 Hydrogen and fuel-cell technology issues for South Africa: The emerging debate Boni Mehlomakulu 324
18 Dealing with a disruptive technology: Issues for developing countries Lynn K. Mytelka 346
Index 360
Overview
This timely research discusses how developing countries can factor in competing arguments about the impending arrival of practical hydrogen fuel technology as they explore options for future policies.
Since the mid-1990s, the emergence of a hydrogen economy and the speed of its arrival have been vigorously debated. The debate has mainly been among policymakers and industrial or energy firms in the developed nations. Their policies, along with the technological competencies and ...