Overview
About the Author
Table of Contents
Foreword xv Michel PAILLARDPreface xvii Bernard MULTON
Chapter 1. Marine Environment and Energy Resources 1 Raymond NERZIC and Jean-Pierre MAZÉ
1.1. Introduction 1
1.2. Physical and potential resources 2
1.3. Physical aspects of the marine environment 12
1.4. Environmental data 17
1.5. Bibliography 22
Chapter 2. Constraints of the Marine Environment 23 Marc PREVOSTO, Peter DAVIES, Chantal COMPÈRE and Michel OLAGNON
2.1. Extreme conditions at sea 23
2.2. Materials in the marine environment 31
2.3. Bibliography 40
Chapter 3. Some Concepts of Hydrodynamics and Ocean Engineering 43 Aurélien BABARIT, Hakim MOUSLIM and Jean-Marc ROUSSET
3.1. The marine environment 43
3.2. Loads on marine structures 48
3.3. Numerical and experimental tools for analysis 55
3.4. Conclusion 65
3.5. Bibliography 65
Chapter 4. Marine Energy and Industrial Actors 67 Guy BESLIN and Jacques RUER
4.1. Why does marine energy concern large industrial players? 67
4.2. An energy source of immense potential 69
4.3. Marine energy: a sector reserved for industrial players and large-scale international investors 71
4.4. Example of offshore wind energy: the main players and industry in France 72
4.5. Industrial assembly 73
4.6. Industrial risks and how to manage them 75
4.7. Hazard management for interventions at sea 84
4.8. Design and maintenance of electricity-producing installations at sea 85
4.9. Policies and organization of maintenance 88
4.10. Operational and maintenance activities 90
4.11. Estimating maintenance costs 92
4.12. Decision-making by the investors 93
4.13. Conclusion 97
4.14. Bibliography 98
Chapter 5. Installation of Wind Turbines at Sea 101 Jacques RUER
5.1. Peculiarities of the marine environment 101
5.2. Design of the support structures of offshore wind turbines 104
5.3. Assembly of offshore wind turbines 111
5.4. Electrical cables 115
5.5. Access to offshore wind turbines 115
5.6. Floating wind turbines 117
Chapter 6. Conversion Systems for Offshore Wind Turbines 123 Cristian NICHITA and Brayima DAKYO
6.1. Evolution of wind energy technology 123
6.2. Estimating the wind energy resource 140
6.3. Wind turbines 151
6.4 Bibliography 168
Chapter 7. Production of Tidal Range Energy 173 Vincent DE LALEU
7.1. Tidal range energy – theory and potential 173
7.2. Potential of tidal range energy development 177
7.3. Tidal range energy in France: the Rance Tidal Power Plant 180
7.4. Tidal range energy in Canada – Annapolis 192
7.5. Tidal range energy in the United Kingdom – the Severn 197
7.6. Tidal range energy in South Korea – Sihwa 208
7.7. The challenges of tidal range energy 211
7.8. Bibliography 214
CHAPTER 8. CONCEPTS, MODELING AND CONTROL OF TIDAL TURBINES 219 Mohamed BENBOUZID, Jacques André ASTOLFI, Seddik BACHA, Jean Frédéric CHARPENTIER, Mohamed MACHMOUM, Thierry MAITRE and Daniel ROYE
8.1. Introduction 219
8.2. State of the art technology in tidal turbines 220
8.3. Modeling and control of tidal turbines 236
8.4. Bibliography 275
CHAPTER 9. PAIMPOL-BRÉHAT: DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIRST TIDAL ARRAY IN FRANCE 279 Pierre BRUN, Laurent TERME and Agnès BARILLIER
9.1. Introduction and context 279
9.2. Selection of technologies 287
9.3. Technical specifications of the project and the producible power 299
9.4. Administrative procedures 305
9.5. Conclusion and perspectives 309
9.6. Bibliography 310
CHAPTER 10. FEEDBACK FROM THE SABELLA TIDAL CURRENT TURBINE PROJECT 311 Jacques RUER
10.1. Introduction 311
10.2. Design of the Sabella turbines 311
10.3. The demonstration project Sabella D03 316
10.4. Conclusions 321
10.5. Bibliography 321
CHAPTER 11. WAVE ENERGY CONVERTERS 323 Judicaël AUBRY, Hamid Ben AHMED, Bernard MULTON, Aurélien BABARIT and Alain CLÉMENT
11.1. Presentation of the wave energy resource 324
11.2. Classification of wave energy converters 329
11.3. Direct wave energy converters with direct electromechanical conversion (type C5) 348
11.4. Fluctuations of power produced by wave energy converters 358
11.5. Bibliography 363
Chapter 12. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: A Historical Perspective 367 Gérard NIHOUS and Michel GAUTHIER
12.1. The thermal resource of the oceans 367
12.2. Main principles of ocean thermal energy conversion 373
12.3. Georges Claude, the pioneer 378
12.4. A renaissance at the end of the 20th Century? 383
12.5. Reflections 400
12.6. Bibliography 401
Chapter 13. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: Solutions Studied 405 Virginie LELARGE, Thierry BOUCHET, Brice HERMANT, Aurélien BOUHIER, Julian BERROU and Cédric AUVRAY
13.1 The industrial approach to ocean thermal energy conversion 405
13.2. The energy conversion system at the heart of OTEC 406
13.3. Integration of OTEC plants 435
13.4. An OTEC plant in the marine environment 452
13.5. Conclusion 461
13.6. Bibliography 461
Chapter 14. Electrical Conversion Systems 463 Jacques COURAULT
14.1. Historical introduction 463
14.2. General facts 464
14.3. Voltage inverters in pulse width modulation 488
14.4. Storage 519
14.5. Control of the voltage Ed 521
14.6. Filtering the output voltages 525
14.7. Transmission 536
14.8. Technology 553
14.9. Maintenance 567
14.10. Conclusion 567
14.11. Bibliography 569
Chapter 15. Cables for Collecting and Transmitting Energy Produced by Offshore Technologies 571 Pierre ARGAUT
15.1. Introduction 571
15.2. General facts 572
15.3. Functions of high-voltage cable systems 574
15.4. Manufacture of submarine cables 606
15.5. Principles and tools for the design of submarine cables 616
15.6. Tests of submarine cables 623
15.7. Specificities of DC cables 626
15.8. Specificities of dynamic cables 626
15.9. Electrical characteristics of submarine cables 626
15.10. New advances presented during JICABLE 2011 628
15.11. Bibliography 629
List of Authors 633
Index 637