| Preface to the fourth edition | x |
| Introduction | xii |
| Acknowledgements | xiv |
| 1 | The process of communication | 1 |
| 1.1 | The objectives of communication | 1 |
| 1.2 | The meaning of words | 2 |
| 1.3 | Non-verbal communication | 2 |
| 1.4 | The context or situation | 3 |
| 1.5 | Barriers to communication | 4 |
| 1.6 | Why? Who? Where? When? What? How? | 6 |
| 1.7 | Planning the message | 8 |
| Summary--how to communicate | 10 |
| 2 | Speaking effectively | 11 |
| 2.1 | Basic speaking skills | 12 |
| 2.2 | Qualities to aim for when speaking | 20 |
| Summary--good speaking | 20 |
| 3 | Listening | 21 |
| 3.1 | Listening--the neglected skill | 21 |
| 3.2 | Reasons for improving listening | 23 |
| 3.3 | Are you a good listener? | 24 |
| 3.4 | Ten aids to good listening | 26 |
| Summary--good listening | 29 |
| 4 | Human Interaction and non-verbal communication | 30 |
| 4.1 | Metacommunication and paralanguage | 30 |
| 4.2 | The language of silence | 32 |
| 4.3 | The language of time | 32 |
| 4.4 | Body language or kinesics | 34 |
| 4.5 | The underlying psychology: NLP, EI and TA | 45 |
| 4.6 | Conflict between verbal and non-verbal communication | 47 |
| Summary--the importance of paralanguage in human interaction | 48 |
| 5 | Talking on the telephone | 50 |
| 5.1 | Telephone problems | 51 |
| 5.2 | Basic telephone rules | 53 |
| 5.3 | Switchboard operators | 55 |
| 5.4 | Making a call | 56 |
| 5.5 | Gathering information by telephone | 57 |
| 5.6 | Answering the telephone | 58 |
| 5.7 | Voicemail | 61 |
| 5.8 | Mobile phone manners | 62 |
| Summary--good telephoning | 65 |
| 6 | Interviewing | 66 |
| 6.1 | Interviewing weaknesses | 66 |
| 6.2 | What is an interview? | 68 |
| 6.3 | The purposes of the interview | 68 |
| 6.4 | Types of interview information | 69 |
| 6.5 | How to plan an interview | 70 |
| 6.6 | Structuring the interview | 72 |
| 6.7 | How to question and probe | 74 |
| Summary--Interviewing | 82 |
| 7 | Being interviewed for a job | 85 |
| 7.1 | Preparing--the organisation | 85 |
| 7.2 | Preparing--know yourself | 90 |
| 7.3 | At the interview | 93 |
| 7.4 | Tips to remember | 96 |
| Summary--being interviewed for a job | 97 |
| 8 | Communicating in groups | 98 |
| 8.1 | Advantages of groups | 99 |
| 8.2 | Disadvantages of groups | 102 |
| 8.3 | Factors affecting group effectiveness | 104 |
| Summary--making groups and committees work | 117 |
| 9 | Running and taking part in meetings | 119 |
| 9.1 | Chairing meetings | 119 |
| 9.2 | Decision-making methods | 121 |
| 9.3 | Responsibilities of participants | 122 |
| 9.4 | Duties of officers and members | 124 |
| 9.5 | The agenda | 125 |
| 9.6 | The minutes | 128 |
| 9.7 | Videoconferencing and audioconferencing | 131 |
| 9.8 | Formal procedure | 132 |
| 10 | Giving a talk | 137 |
| 10.1 | Techniques of public speaking | 139 |
| 10.2 | Preparation | 140 |
| 10.3 | Developing the material | 143 |
| 10.4 | Opening the talk | 145 |
| 10.5 | Closing the talk | 147 |
| 10.6 | Visual aids | 149 |
| 10.7 | Use of notes | 150 |
| 10.8 | Practising the talk | 151 |
| 10.9 | Room and platform layout | 151 |
| 10.10 | Delivery of the talk | 152 |
| Summary--being a good speaker | 152 |
| 11 | Using visual aids | 153 |
| 11.1 | General principles | 154 |
| 11.2 | Whiteboards | 155 |
| 11.3 | Flip charts | 156 |
| 11.4 | Build-up visuals | 157 |
| 11.5 | Physical objects | 158 |
| 11.6 | Models and experiments | 159 |
| 11.7 | Overhead projector | 161 |
| 11.8 | Data projector | 163 |
| 11.9 | Slide projector | 164 |
| 11.10 | Videos | 165 |
| 11.11 | Closed circuit television and video | 166 |
| 11.12 | Points to remember about visual aids | 167 |
| 11.13 | Video and DVD hire and purchase | 169 |
| Summary--being in control of visual aids | 169 |
| 12 | Faster reading | 171 |
| 12.1 | How do you read? | 173 |
| 12.2 | The physical process of reading | 175 |
| 12.3 | Ways of increasing your vocabulary | 178 |
| Summary--faster reading | 180 |
| 13 | Better reading | 181 |
| 13.1 | Determine reading priorities | 181 |
| 13.2 | Scanning | 182 |
| 13.3 | Skimming | 184 |
| 13.4 | SQ3R method of reading | 189 |
| Summary--better reading | 191 |
| 14 | Writing business letters | 195 |
| 14.1 | Why good letter-writing matters | 195 |
| 14.2 | Backing up the phone call or meeting | 197 |
| 14.3 | Planning a letter | 197 |
| 14.4 | Layout and style | 204 |
| 14.5 | The structure of a letter | 208 |
| 14.6 | Dictating | 215 |
| 14.7 | Standard letters | 218 |
| Summary--writing business letters | 218 |
| 15 | Applying for a job | 219 |
| 15.1 | What sort of job do you want? | 220 |
| 15.2 | What is available and what are they looking for? | 223 |
| 15.3 | The application itself | 227 |
| 15.4 | Job-hunting on the Internet | 240 |
| Summary--applying for a job | 242 |
| 16 | Writing reports | 244 |
| 16.1 | What is a report? | 245 |
| 16.2 | Types of report | 246 |
| 16.3 | Essentials of a good report | 246 |
| 16.4 | What is the purpose of the report? | 247 |
| 16.5 | Fundamental structure | 248 |
| 16.6 | Format, layout, headings and numbering | 249 |
| 16.7 | Long formal reports | 255 |
| 16.8 | House style | 259 |
| 16.9 | How to get started | 262 |
| 16.10 | Setting your objective | 262 |
| 16.11 | Researching and assembling the material | 265 |
| 16.12 | Organising the material and planning the report | 267 |
| 16.13 | Writing the first draft | 269 |
| 16.14 | Editing the report | 270 |
| 16.15 | Producing the report | 271 |
| Summary--report writing | 276 |
| 17 | Memos, messages, forms & questionnaires | 278 |
| 17.1 | Memos | 279 |
| 17.2 | E-mail | 281 |
| 17.3 | Fax | 284 |
| 17.4 | Postcards and reply cards | 286 |
| 17.5 | Text messaging | 287 |
| 17.6 | Forms and questionnaires | 290 |
| Summary--other writing tasks | 293 |
| 18 | Visual communication | 295 |
| 18.1 | When to use charts and graphs | 295 |
| 18.2 | Presentation of statistical data | 299 |
| 18.3 | Presenting continuous information | 301 |
| 18.4 | Presenting discrete or non-continuous information | 306 |
| 18.5 | Presenting non-statistical information effectively | 319 |
| 19 | Getting to grips with grammar | 330 |
| 19.1 | Why does grammar matter? | 330 |
| 19.2 | What is grammar? | 331 |
| 19.3 | How good is your English? | 333 |
| 19.4 | The parts of speech in brief | 336 |
| 19.5 | The framework of English | 339 |
| 19.6 | The architecture of the sentence | 340 |
| 20 | Common problems with English | 345 |
| 20.1 | Subject-verb agreement | 345 |
| 20.2 | Problems with verbs | 349 |
| 20.3 | Problems with adjectives | 361 |
| 20.4 | Problems with adverbs | 365 |
| 20.5 | Problems with pronouns | 368 |
| 20.6 | Problems with prepositions and conjunctions | 376 |
| 20.7 | Problems with ellipsis | 383 |
| 20.8 | Problems with negatives | 384 |
| 20.9 | Revision of grammar | 385 |
| Appendices | 387 |
| A | Punctuation made easy | 387 |
| B | Using capitals | 394 |
| C | Using numbers | 395 |
| D | Business cliches or 'commercialese' | 397 |
| E | Commonly misused and confused words | 399 |
| F | Ten (simple?) rules of spelling | 402 |
| G | Commonly misspelled words | 404 |
| H | Tips on modern business style | 406 |
| I | Differences between men and women communicating | 408 |
| A final word | 411 |
| Bibliography | 412 |
| Answers to exercises | 414 |
| Index | 432 |