Military Medicine: From Ancient Times to the 21st Century

by Jack E. McCallum

Overview

This volume highlights the people and scientific developments in military medicine through the ages, concentrating on medical advances that changed both warfare and societies at home.

Thanks to advances in field medicine and improved mobility and efficiency of medical units, the death rate of soldiers injured during battle has dramatically declined in the last 100 years. Nowadays, with forward medical stations operating close to battle lines and medical transports (ground and air) at hand, injured soldiers survive their battle wounds. Military Medicine: From Ancient Times to the 21st Century provides expert coverage of the key role medical advances and practices have played in the evolution of warfare, and how many of those advances and practices have been put to work saving and improving civilian lives as well.

Military Medicine surveys the development of military medicine from its prehistoric origins through modern threats and practice. That coverage is followed by over 200 of alphabetically organized entries with special emphasis placed on those areas with the most dramatic applications to civilian medicine, including triage and trauma management, treatment for infections, emergency surgical procedures, and more.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781851096930
Publisher:	Bloomsbury Academic
Publication date:	02/21/2008
Pages:	408
Product dimensions:	7.00(w) x 10.00(h) x 0.94(d)

About the Author

Jack McCallum, MD, PhD, is a visiting scholar at Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, where he teaches in the history department.

Table of Contents

Introduction     xi
A
Abdominal Injuries in War     1
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)     2
Aeromedical Evacuation     3
Aesculapius     6
Albucasis     7
Alcoholism     7
Ambulances and Transport     9
American Field Service and Other World War I Volunteer Ambulance Services     12
American Revolutionary War     14
Amputation     17
Anesthesiology     19
Anthrax     21
Antisepsis     23
Archigenes of Apamea     25
Asclepiades of Bithynia     26
Asepsis     27
Atabrine     28
Athens, Great Plague of     29
Atropine     29
Aviation Medicine     30
Avicenna (Ibn Sena)     32
B
Bandaging and Wound Dressing     35
Barber-Surgeons     36
Baromedicine     38
Barton, Clara     39
Beaumont, William     40
Bell, Charles     41
Bergmann, Ernst von     41
Biblical Military Medicine     42
Billings, John Shaw     43
Bilroth, ChristianAlbert Theodor     45
Blane, Sir Gilbert     46
Blast Injuries     46
Boer War     48
Botulism     50
British Military Medicine     51
Brunschwig, Hieronymus     54
Bullet Wounds and Other Penetrating Injuries from Gunpowder Projectiles     55
C
Carrel, Alexis     59
Carrel-Dakin Irrigation     60
Casualty Clearing Stations and Staged Evacuation     61
Cauterization     63
Celsus, Aulus Cornelius     64
Chauliac, Guy de     64
Chemical and Biological Warfare     65
Chest Injuries and Surgery     70
Chimborazo Hospital     72
Cholera     73
Church, Benjamin     74
Civil War in the United States     75
Classical Greek Military Medicine     80
Clowes, William     83
Cochran, John     84
Cold Injury and Frostbite     84
Colonial Military and Naval Medicine     86
Combat Fatigue     89
Crile, George Washington     91
Crimean War     92
Crusades     93
Cushing, Harvey Williams      95
Cutbush, Edward     96
D
DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)     99
Debridement     100
Dengue Fever     101
Dioscorides, Pedacius     102
Disease and Mortality in Colonial America     102
Dix, Dorothea Lynde     105
Dodge Commission and Typhoid Board     105
Dooley, Thomas Anthony     106
Drug Addiction     107
Dysentery     108
E
Egyptian Military Medicine     111
F
Fabrizio d'Aquapendente, Geronimo     115
Fabry of Hilden, Wilhelm     116
Fergusson, Sir William     117
Field Hospitals     117
Fleming, Sir Alexander     119
Forceps and Extractors     120
Fort Detrick     121
Fracastro, Girolamo     122
Fractures     122
Franco-Prussian War     124
G
Galen of Pergamum     129
Gas Gangrene     130
Geneva Conventions     132
Gersdorff, Hans von     133
Glanders     134
Gonorrhea     134
Gorcke, Johann     135
Gorgas, William Crawford     136
Guillemeau, Jacques     137
Gulf War     138
Guthrie, George James     139
H
Haitian Campaign     141
Hammond, William     142
Harvey, William     143
Head Injury and Cranial Surgery     144
Heister, Lorenz     146
Hemostasis     147
Hippocrates of Cos     148
Holtzendorff, Ernst Conrad     149
Hospital Ships     150
Hospital Trains     152
Human Experimentation     155
Hunter, John     157
I
Imhotep     159
Indian Military Medicine     159
Influenza     162
Iraq and Afghan Wars     164
Ireland, Major General Merritte Weber     166
Ishii, Shiro     167
Islamic Military Medicine     167
Italian Campaign of 1859     168
J
Jackson, Robert     171
Japanese Military Medicine     172
John of Arderne     174
Jones, John     174
K
Keen, William Williams     177
Koch, Robert     178
Korean Conflict     179
L
Laennec, Rene-Theophile Hyacinthe      185
Lanfranc of Milan     186
Larrey, Baron Dominique-Jean     186
Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse     188
Leishman, Sir William Boog     189
Letterman, Jonathan     190
Ligature     191
Lind, James     192
Lister, Lord Joseph     193
M
Madagascar Campaign     195
Magati, Cesare     196
Malaria     196
McGrigor, James     198
Medieval Military Medicine     199
Melioidosis (Whitmore's Disease)     202
Mesopotamian Military Medicine     202
Mexican-American War     205
Military Sanitation     206
Minoan and Ancient Greek Military Medicine     207
Mitchell, Silas Weir     209
Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals in the Korean Conflict     210
Mondeville, Henri de     212
Monro, Alexander primus     213
Monro, Donald     213
Moore, Samuel Preston     214
Morgan, John     215
Morphine     216
N
Napoleonic Wars     217
National Naval Medical Center     221
Naval Medicine     222
Nightingale, Florence      224
Nuclear Warfare and Radiation Injury     225
Nuremberg Code     227
Nursing in the Military     229
O
Omdurman Campaign     235
P
Paracelsus (Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim)     237
Pare, Ambroise     238
Pasteur, Louis     239
Paul of Aegina     240
Penicillin     241
Percy, Baron Pierre Francois     243
Pfolspeundt, Heinrich von     244
Phlebotomy and Venesection     245
Pirogoff, Nikolai Ivanovich     246
Plague (Bubonic Plague, Black Death)     247
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)     249
Pott, Percival     250
Prehistoric Military Medicine     251
Pringle, Sir John     251
Prussian and German Military Medicine     253
Purmann, Matthias     255
Q
Q Fever     257
Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service     258
Quesnay, Francois     259
Quinine     260
R
Red Cross and Red Crescent     263
Reed, Walter     264
Rehabilitation and Reconstructive Surgery     265
Reyher, Carl      268
Rhazes (Abu Bakr Mohammed ben Zakariah)     269
Roman Military Medicine     270
Ross, Sir Ronald     273
Royal Army Medical Corps     274
Royal Victoria Hospital (Netley)     278
Rush, Benjamin     279
Russian Military Medicine     280
Russo-Japanese War     282
S
Salicetti, Guglielmo (William of Salicet)     285
Saw     285
Scabies     286
Scalpel     287
Scrub Typhus     288
Scultetus, Johannes (also Johannes Schultes)     288
Scurvy     289
17th-Century Military Medicine     291
Sharp, Samuel     294
Shell Shock in World War I     294
Shippen, William, Jr.     296
Shock     297
Sims, James Marion     299
16th-Century Military Medicine     300
Smallpox     302
Smollet, Tobias     304
Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta     304
Spanish-American War     305
Sternberg, George Miller     308
Stretchers and Litters     309
Sulfonamides      311
Surgical Gloves     312
Suture     313
Sydenham, Thomas     314
Syphilis     315
T
Tagliacozzi, Gaspare     317
Tetanus     318
Theodoric, Bishop of Cervia (Teodorico Borgognoni)     319
Tilton, James     320
Torture     321
Tourniquet     322
Tracheotomy     324
Transfusion     325
Trench Fever (Volhynian Fever)     326
Trench Foot     327
Trephine, Trepan, and Trephining     327
Triage     329
Trotter, Thomas     331
Tularemia     331
Typhoid Fever     332
Typhus     334
U
Unit 731     337
V
Vaccination and Variolation     339
Vesalius, Andreas     340
Viet Nam War     341
Vozrozhdeniye Island     343
W
Warren, John     345
Warren, Joseph     346
Wiseman, Richard     346
World War I Medicine     347
World War II Medicine     351
Wright, Almroth     355
Wurtz, Felix      355
X
X-Ray     357
Y
Yellow Fever     359
Annotated Bibliography     361
Index     369
About the Author     385

Editorial Reviews

This interesting book is recommended for all libraries.” —ARBA

“This encyclopedia will be an essential reference work for military and medical libraries and is recommended as well for all academic libraries and large public libraries with medical-history collections.” —Booklist

“Recommended. Academic and public libraries; lower-level undergraduates through faculty/researchers, and general readers.” —Choice

From the Publisher