Table of Contents
Note on the Transliteration of Sanskrit Terms
Introduction to the American Edition
PART ONE: THE HUMAN ADVENTURE
1. Origins
The Dravidians, 6 / The Aryans, 9
2. The Religions of the Kali Yuga
Shaivism, 15 / The Return of Arihat, 16 / Gosalii, 17 / Mahavfra, 22 / Gautama Buddha, 23 / The Religion of Nature and the Religion of the City, 24 / The Kali Yuga in the World, 25 / The Shaiva Revival, 27 / Lakulisha, 27 / Mahayana, 29
3. Rediscovered Tradition
The Texts, 31 / Hindu Decadence, 35 / The West, 38 / India Today, 39
PART TWO: SHAIVA PHILOSOPHY
1. The Ways of Knowledge 43
Approaches (Darshana), 43
2. Valsheshika and Nyaya 46
Science and Logic, 46 / The Experimental Method (Vaisheshika), 47 / Logic (Nyaya), 50 / Aphorisms of the Nyaya, 53
3. The Samkhya: The Study of the Macrocosm
The Quest for Constants (Akshara), 57 / The Texts of the Samkhya, 58 / Concepts of the Samkhya, 59 / Nature and Perception, 63 / The Three Tendencies of Prakriti, the Nature of Nature, 65 / The Definables (Tattva): The Twenty-five Constituents of the World, 67 / The Plan (Purusha), 67 / The World-Substance (Prakriti), 68 / Cosmic Intelligence (Mahat), 69 / The Principle of Individuality (Ahamkara), 69 / The Modes of Interaction of Matter (Tanmatra), 71 / The Principles of the Senses (Mahabhuta), 71 / The Powers of Perception and Action (Indriya), 73 / The Living Being, 75
4. The Exploration of Man's Inner Universe
The Being of Flesh and the Being of Knowledge, 78 / The Sexual Body (Linga-Sharira) or Transmittable Body, 79 / The Nature of the Transmigrant Body, 81
5. The Being of Knowledge
Universal Law (Sanatana Dharma) and the Heritage of Knowledge, 84 / The Seers (Rishi), 86 / The Sacred Books, 87
6. Yoga
Yoga: Study of the Microcosm, 89 / Method, 90 / The Structure of Living Beings, 92 / The Five Vital Energies (Prana), 92 / Magic Powers (Siddhi), 94 / Reincarnation, 97 / Transubstantiation, 98 / Liberation (Moksha), 99 / Immortality, 100 / Yoga and Tantrism, 100 / Aryanized Yoga, 101
PART THREE: THE MIMANSA: THE RELIGIOUS, RITUALISTIC, AND MYSTICAL APPROACH
1. The Two Mimansa
The Gods, 109 / Aspects of Maheshvara, 111 / Shiva, Tamas, 112 / Sattva, the Goddess, and Vishnu, 112 / Rajas, Prajapati-Brahma, 114 / Symbols of the Gods, 114 / The Cult of the Linga, 115 / The Assimilated Gods, 116 / Monotheism, 117
2. The Doctrine of the Pashupata
The Teaching of Lakulisha, 120 / Texts, 121 / Pashupati: Lord of the Animals, 122 / Pati: The Herder, 122 / Pashu: The Animal, 123 / Pasha: The Snare, 123 / The Creative Power of the Sovereign Being (Ishvara-Kartri-Vada), 124 / The Cause (Karana), 124 / The Work (Karya), 125 / Divisibility (Kala), 125 / Method (Vidhi), 126 / Meritorious Deeds (Kriya), 126 / The Temple, 126 / Union (Yoga), 128 / The End of Suffering (Dukhanta), 129
3. Communities and Monastic Orders
Monastic Orders, 130 / The Black Faces (Kalamukha), 132 / The Skull-Bearers (Kapalika), 133 / Practices (Charya), 135 / The Five M's, 136 / Mala and Mutra, 137 / Meat (Mansa) and Sacrifice (Medha), 137 / Human Sacrifice, 138 / Intoxicating Liquors (Madhya), 139 / Drugs, 140 / Sexual Rites (Maithuna), 141 / Love and Death, 142 / The Great Vow (Mahavrata), 144 / Initiation of the Pashupata, 145
4. Preliminary Practices
Advice to a Mleccha, 149
PART FOUR: SOCIAL MAN
1. The Individual and the Species
The Clan (Jati), 158 / Procreation, 161 / The Castes (Varna), 162 / The Lineage (Gotra), 165 / The Popular Framework, 166 / Coexistence, 167 / Woman, 170 / The Family (Kula), 171 / The Servants of the Gods, 172 / The Third Nature (Tritiya Prakriti), 173
2. The Transmission of Knowledge
The Master (Guru), 179 / The Guru's Responsibilities, 180 / The Limits of Knowledge, 181 / The Choice of a Disciple, 182 / The Wanderers of the Path of Knowledge (Brahmachari), 184
PART FIVE: THE THEORY OF CYCLES
1. The Duration of the Universe
The Cycles of the Yuga, 194 / The Flood, 198
2. The Three Cities
The Ages (Yuga), 200 / The Destruction of the Assurs, 201
PART SIX: FORESTALLING THE END
1. Predictions
Precursory Signs, 211 / The End of the World, 216 / Accidental or Induced Destruction (Naimitta Pralaya), 217 / The Disappearance or Natural Death (Prakrita Pralaya) of the World, 219
2. Forestalling the Final Day
The Return to Shaivism, 222
3. Conclusions
APPENDIX I. LANGUAGE: INSTRUMENT FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF KNOWLEDGE
The Nature of Language, 227 / The Manifestation of Thought, 228 / Texts, 232 / The Maheshvara Sutra, 235 / The Nine Vowels, 238 / The Consonants, 243 / The Five Groups (Varga), 243 / The Tattva, 245 / Creation by the Word, 251 / Monosyllabic Dictionaries, 252 / Magic Formulae (Mantra), 253 / Elements of the Musical Vocabulary, 254 / The Various Forms of Language, 255 / Visual Languages, 256 / A Geometric Language (Yantra), 256 / The Swastika, 260
APPENDIX II. CHRONOLOGY OF THE KALI YUGA
Bibliography
Index