Must Know High School Chemistry

by John Moore, Richard Langley

Overview

A UNIQUE NEW APPROACH THAT’S LIKE A LIGHTNING BOLT TO THE BRAIN


You know that moment when you feel as though a lightning bolt has hit you because you finally get something? That’s how this book will make you react. (We hope!) Each chapter makes sure that what you really need to know is clear right off the bat and sees to it that you build on this knowledge. Where other books ask you to memorize stuff, we’re going to show you the must know ideas that will guide you toward success in chemistry. You will start each chapter learning what the must know ideas behind a chemistry subject are, and these concepts will help you solve the chemistry problems that you find in your classwork and on exams.


Dive into this book and find:


• 250+ practice questions that mirror what you will find in your classwork and on exams
• A bonus app with 100+ flashcards that will reinforce what you’ve learned
• Extensive examples that drive home essential concepts
• An easy-access setup that allows you to jump in and out of subjects
• Chemistry topics aligned to national and state education standards
• Special help for more challenging chemistry subjects, including the mole concept, stoichiometry, and solutions


We’re confident that the must know ideas in this book will have you up and solving chemistry problems in no time—or at least in a reasonable amount of time!

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781260453096
Publisher:	McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing
Publication date:	06/20/2019
Pages:	464
Sales rank:	657,435
Product dimensions:	7.20(w) x 9.00(h) x 0.90(d)
Age Range:	13 - 17 Years

About the Author

John T. Moore, EdD, works with the Stephen F. Austin State University STEM Research and Learning Center.


Richard Langley, PhD, teaches chemistry at Stephen F. Austin State University and is an AP Chemistry grader.

Table of Contents

Introduction 1

The Flashcard App 3

1 Getting Started in Chemical Calculations 5

How to Study Chemistry 6

The Macroscopic and Microscopic Levels of Chemistry 7

Units of Measurement (SI System) 8

Significant Figures 10

Problem Solving by the Unit Conversion Method 11

2 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 23

The Subatomic Particles 24

Elements 25

The Periodic Table 25

Chemical Formulas: Ions and Molecules 27

Naming Compounds 29

3 Moles, Stoichiometry, and Equations 45

Balancing Chemical Equations 46

Avogadro's Number and Molar Mass 48

Moles and Stoichiometry 49

Limiting Reactant and Percent Yield 51

Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas 53

Confronting Mole Problems 55

4 Aqueous Solutions 65

Molarity (M) 66

Solubility and Precipitation 66

Acids, Bases, and Neutralization 69

Oxidation-Reduction 71

Net Ionic Equations 74

Titrations 88

5 Gases and Gas Laws 99

Gas Laws (P, V, n, and T) 100

Gas Stoichiometry 104

The Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases 106

Nonideal Gases 108

Working Gas Law Problems 109

6 Thermochemistry 117

Energy and Reactions 118

Enthalpy (ΔH) 122

Hess's Law 123

Calorimetry 125

7 Electrons and Quantum Theory 131

Light and Matter 132

Bohr's Model 134

Quantum Mechanics 135

Quantum Numbers and Orbitals 135

Electron Configuration 138

Working Matter and Light Problems 144

8 Periodic Trends 147

Periodic Table Revisited 148

Ionization Energy 149

Electron Affinity 151

Periodic Trends 152

9 Lewis Structures and Chemical Bonding 157

Lewis Symbols 158

Electronegativity 160

Ionic Bonds and Lattice Energy 161

Covalent Bonds 163

Resonance 166

Bond Energy and Bond Length 167

More About Lewis Structures 168

10 Molecular Geometry and Hybridization 177

Molecular Geometry (VSEPR) 178

Valence Bond Theory (Hybridization) 181

Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory 184

Molecular Geometry Revisited 186

11 Solids, Liquids, and Intermolecular Forces 189

Types of Intermolecular Forces 190

Properties of Liquids 193

Solids 195

Phase Changes 196

12 Solutions 207

Concentration Units 208

Temperature and Pressure Effects on Solubility 214

Colligative Properties 214

Colloids 218

Colligative Properties Problems 218

15 Kinetics 227

Reaction Rates 228

Rate Laws 230

Integrated Rate Laws (Time and Concentration) 233

Arrhenius and Activation Energy 236

Catalysis 239

Mechanisms 240

More About Rate Law and Half-Life (t_1/2) 242

14 Chemical Equilibria 247

Equilibrium 248

Equilibrium Constants [K] 249

Le Chatelier's Principle 250

Additional Equilibria Problems 253

15 Acids and Bases 265

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases 266

Strength of Acids and Bases 267

K_w-the Water Dissociation Constant 268

pH 269

Acid-Base Equilibrium [K_a and K_b) 271

Acid-Base Properties of Salts and Oxides 273

Lewis Acids and Bases 274

Working Weak Acid and Base Problems 275

16 Buffers and Additional Equilibria 283

The Common Ion Effect 284

Buffers and pH 284

Titrations and Indicators 287

Solubility Equilibria (K_sp) 288

K_l-Complex Ion Equilibria 291

pH and Titrations Problems 291

17 Entropy and Free Energy 305

The Three Laws of Thermodynamics 306

Entropy 307

Gibbs Free Energy 307

Free Energy and Reactions 308

Working Thermodynamic Problems 309

18 Electrochemistry 319

Redox Reactions 320

Galvanic (Voltaic) Cells 322

Standard Reduction Potentials (E°) 325

Nernst Equation 329

Electrolytic Cells 330

Electrolysis 332

19 Chemistry of the Elements 339

Hydrogen 340

General Properties of Metals 341

Band Theory of Conductivity 341

Periodic Trends in Metallic Properties 342

General Properties of Nonmetals 343

Periodic Trends of Nonmetals 344

Properties of the Transition Metals 344

Coordination Compounds: Crystal Field Theory 345

Complex Ions 346

20 Nuclear Chemistry 349

Nuclear Reactions 350

Nuclear Stability 353

Half-Lives (t_1/2) 355

Mass/Energy Conversions 358

Fission and Fusion 359

Nuclear Decay 360

21 Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Polymers 367

Organic Compounds 368

Hydrocarbons and Nomenclature 368

Functional Groups 374

Polymers 375

Proteins 378

Carbohydrates 378

Nucleic Acids 380

Organic Reactions Problems 380

Answer Key 391

Periodic Table of the Elements 444