MySQL High Availability: Tools for Building Robust Data Centers

by Charles Bell, Mats Kindahl, Lars Thalmann

Overview

Server bottlenecks and failures are a fact of life in any database deployment, but they don’t have to bring everything to a halt. This practical book explains replication, cluster, and monitoring features that can help protect your MySQL system from outages, whether it’s running on hardware, virtual machines, or in the cloud.

Written by engineers who designed many of the tools covered, this book reveals undocumented or hard-to-find aspects of MySQL reliability and high availability—knowledge that’s essential for any organization using this database system. This second edition describes extensive changes to MySQL tools. Versions up to 5.5 are covered, along with several 5.6 features.

• Learn replication fundamentals, including use of the binary log and MySQL Replicant Library
• Handle failing components through redundancy
• Scale out to manage read-load increases, and use data sharding to handle large databases and write-load increases
• Store and replicate data on individual nodes with MySQL Cluster
• Monitor database activity and performance, and major operating system parameters
• Keep track of masters and slaves, and deal with failures and restarts, corruption, and other incidents
• Examine tools including MySQL Enterprise Monitor, MySQL Utilities, and GTIDs

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781449339586
Publisher:	O'Reilly Media, Incorporated
Publication date:	05/05/2014
Edition description:	Second Edition
Pages:	760
Product dimensions:	7.00(w) x 9.10(h) x 1.60(d)

About the Author

Dr. Charles A Bell is a Senior Software Engineer at Oracle. He is currently the lead developer for backup and a member of the MySQL
Backup and Replication team. He lives in a small town in rural
Virginia with his loving wife. He received his Doctor of Philosophy in
Engineering from Virginia Commonwealth Universityin 2005. His research interests include database systems, versioning systems,
semantic web, and agile software development.

Dr. Mats Kindahl is a senior software developer working on the MySQL
server. He is the main architect and implementor of MySQL's row-based replication and is responsible for strategic development of replication, reengineering, and the plugin architecture. Before starting at MySQL, he did research in formal methods, program analysis, and distributed systems, the area where he earned his doctoral degree in computer science. He has also spent many years developing C/C++ compilers and knows more programming languages than he has fingers.

Dr. Lars Thalmann is the development manager for MySQL replication and backup. He is responsible for the strategy and development of these features and leads the corresponding engineering teams. Thalmann has worked with MySQL development since 2001, when he was a software developer working on MySQL Cluster. More recently, he has driven the creation and development of the MySQL backup feature, has guided the evolution of MySQL replication since 2004, and has been a key player in the development of MySQL Cluster replication. Thalmann holds a doctorate in Computer Science from Uppsala University, Sweden.

Table of Contents

Foreword;
Preface;
Audience;
Organization of This Book;
Conventions Used in This Book;
Using Code Examples;
We’d Like to Hear from You;
Safari® Books Online;
Acknowledgments;
Replication;
Chapter 1: Introduction;
1.1 What’s This Replication Stuff Anyway?;
1.2 So, Backups Are Not Needed Then?;
1.3 What’s with All the Monitoring?;
1.4 Is There Anything Else I Can Read?;
1.5 Conclusion;
Chapter 2: MySQL Replication Fundamentals;
2.1 Basic Steps in Replication;
2.2 A Brief Introduction to the Binary Log;
2.3 Performing Common Tasks with Replication;
2.4 Conclusion;
Chapter 3: The Binary Log;
3.1 Structure of the Binary Log;
3.2 Logging Statements;
3.3 Logging Transactions;
3.4 Binary Log Management;
3.5 The mysqlbinlog Utility;
3.6 Binary Log Options and Variables;
3.7 Conclusion;
Chapter 4: Replication for High Availability;
4.1 Redundancy;
4.2 Planning;
4.3 Procedures;
4.4 Conclusion;
Chapter 5: MySQL Replication for Scale-Out;
5.1 Scaling Out Reads, Not Writes;
5.2 The Value of Asynchronous Replication;
5.3 Managing the Replication Topology;
5.4 Hierarchal Replication;
5.5 Specialized Slaves;
5.6 Data Sharding;
5.7 Managing Consistency of Data;
5.8 Consistency in a Hierarchal Deployment;
5.9 Conclusion;
Chapter 6: Advanced Replication;
6.1 Replication Architecture Basics;
6.2 Running Replication over the Internet;
6.3 Finer-Grained Control over Replication;
6.4 Options for Handling Broken Connections;
6.5 How the Slave Processes Events;
6.6 Slave Safety and Recovery;
6.7 Multisource Replication;
6.8 Row-Based Replication;
6.9 Conclusion;
Monitoring and Disaster Recovery;
Chapter 7: Getting Started with Monitoring;
7.1 Ways of Monitoring;
7.2 Benefits of Monitoring;
7.3 System Components to Monitor;
7.4 Monitoring Solutions;
7.5 Linux and Unix Monitoring;
7.6 Mac OS X Monitoring;
7.7 Microsoft Windows Monitoring;
7.8 Monitoring as Preventive Maintenance;
7.9 Conclusion;
Chapter 8: Monitoring MySQL;
8.1 What Is Performance?;
8.2 MySQL Server Monitoring;
8.3 Database Performance;
8.4 Best Practices for Improving Performance;
8.5 Conclusion;
Chapter 9: Storage Engine Monitoring;
9.1 MyISAM;
9.2 InnoDB;
9.3 Conclusion;
Chapter 10: Replication Monitoring;
10.1 Getting Started;
10.2 Server Setup;
10.3 Inclusive and Exclusive Replication;
10.4 Replication Threads;
10.5 Monitoring the Master;
10.6 Monitoring Slaves;
10.7 Replication Monitoring with MySQL Administrator;
10.8 Other Items to Consider;
10.9 Conclusion;
Chapter 11: Replication Troubleshooting;
11.1 What Can Go Wrong;
11.2 Tools for Troubleshooting Replication;
11.3 Best Practices;
11.4 Reporting Replication Bugs;
11.5 Conclusion;
Chapter 12: Protecting Your Investment;
12.1 What Is Information Assurance?;
12.2 Information Integrity, Disaster Recovery, and the Role of Backups;
12.3 Backup Utilities and OS-Level Solutions;
12.4 Backup and MySQL Replication;
12.5 Automating Backups;
12.6 Conclusion;
Chapter 13: MySQL Enterprise;
13.1 Getting Started with MySQL Enterprise;
13.2 MySQL Enterprise Components;
13.3 Using MySQL Enterprise;
13.4 Conclusion;
High Availability Environments;
Chapter 14: Cloud Computing Solutions;
14.1 What Is Cloud Computing?;
14.2 Cloud Computing Use Cases;
14.3 Cloud Computing Benefits;
14.4 Cloud Computing Vendors;
14.5 AWS;
14.6 MySQL in the Cloud;
14.7 Open Source Cloud Computing;
14.8 Conclusion;
Chapter 15: MySQL Cluster;
15.1 What Is MySQL Cluster?;
15.2 Architecture of MySQL Cluster;
15.3 Example Configuration;
15.4 Achieving High Availability;
15.5 Achieving High Performance;
15.6 Conclusion;
Replication Tips and Tricks;
My Slave Stopped. Now What?;
Examining the Binary Log with Verbose;
Using Replication to Repopulate a Table;
Using MySQL Proxy to Perform Multimaster Replication;
Using a Default Storage Engine;
MySQL Cluster Multisource Replication;
Multichannel Replication with Failover;
Using the Current Database to Filter;
More Columns on Slave Than Master;
Fewer Columns on Slave Than Master;
Replicate Selected Rows to Slave;
Replication Heartbeat;
Ignoring Servers in Circular Replication;
Feature Preview: Time-Delayed Replication;
Feature Preview: Scriptable Replication;
Feature Preview: The Oracle Algorithm;
Colophon;