Mystery of the Kaddish: Its Profound Influence on Judaism
Leon Charney needs no introduction. Yet most people I have told about his voyage and research into the Mourner¿s Kaddish, reacted with amazement. ¿Leon is not a Talmudic scholar¿, they say, ¿How can he research such a topic?¿ The amazement, however, should be turned on its head. One should rather wonder, how is it that generation of Halachic scholars have not raised the question concerning the origin of the Mourner¿s Kaddish, and took it for granted that it is part of an eternal tradition. For Leon ¿eternal tradition¿ is equal to ¿fossilized¿ tradition. Leon, who is an expert in law, public policy making, community action, communication and, to top all this, in cantorial music, has been recently bereaved of his mother. Having to join the tradition of Kaddish, he could not do it but in his own special Jewish way. Questioning. Today we celebrate with him a milestone on the road of his answers. What is the mystery of the Kaddish all about? Where was the Mourner¿s Kaddish born? Why has it attracted such great attention? The Mourner¿s Kaddish is written in the Aramaic and is recited at the burial ceremony and from then on, for 11 months, a few times during each of the daily prayers. A word concerning the Kaddish is in order. As Charney tells us, the origin of the Aramaic text is in the Talmud. In its first part, the Kaddish invites the congregation to assert the sanctification of God¿s name in the world. Its second part, however, relegates the sanctified name to the domain of the transcendent - beyond all blessings and consolations. The prayer addresses human reality, the need to glorify the Lord, yet it seals all hope for meaningful understanding of and commonsense consolation for the human lot. As such, this prayer demands of every ordinary Jew to adhere to a high church of believers who would not concretize the attributes of the Lord, and thus accept birth and death in metaphysical equanimity - not to be confused moral neutrality. This is a great lesson Charney wishes to teach us! And the lesson is timely. One of the most embarrassing situations in Jewish secular life is the attending of a funeral in Israel, becoming a living witness to the struggle of the mourner with the Aramaic text. Poetry is turned into a dyslexic experience. Most secular Jews fail to pronounce, let alone understand the sublime message the text in conveying. Charney tell us this text is a sort of internal letter transmitted within the Jewish community, endorsed for all mourners one thousand years ago, handed over from generation to generation since the time of the Crusaders. Till that time of the Crusaders, the Kaddish had been recited following the death of distinguished scholars only. The massacres of Jews by the Crusaders and, later on, the extensive losses during the black plague, forced the Rabbis to address the sorrow and frustration of the ordinary person. They borrowed on Christian burial rituals, tells the book, adapted a traditional and highly meaningful Talmudic text, thus aiming to sustain a Jewish community in the face of disaster. We, descendents of the Holocaust generation, know all-too-well the destructive impact the Eclipse of God can have on traditional Jewish life. According to Charney, the introduction of the Mourner¿s Kaddish into Jewish tradition was a democratic move taken by rabbinical authority. It was a concession to popular psychology. For, as you may know, Jewish festivities waive mourning rituals, except the obligation to recite the Kaddish! This was the decree of the school of Rashi in the 12th century, one endorsed by all Jewish legal codes. How is it, then, that a popular ritual, introduced in the 12th century in Western Europe, was endorsed over a short period of time by the whole of the Jewish world? Here is the book¿s innovation within the field of the sociology of Jewish law. One of the greatest commentators on the Talmud, who lived in Germany in the 14th centur
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