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More About This Textbook
Overview
The fight for the future makes daily headlines. Its battles are not between the armies of leading states, nor are its weapons the large, expensive tanks, planes and fleets of regular armed forces. Rather, the combatants come from bomb-making terrorist groups like Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda, drug smuggling cartels like those in Colombia and Mexico, and militant anarchists like the Black Bloc that ran amok during the Battle of Seattle. Other protagonists are civil-society activists fighting for democracy and human rights-from Burma to the Balkans. What all have in common is that they operate in small, dispersed units that can deploy niimbly-anywhere, anytime. They know how to penetrate and disrupt, as well as elude and evade. All feature network forms of organization, doctrine, strategy, and technology attuned to the information age. And, from the Intifadah to the drug war, they are proving very hard to beat; some may actually be winning. This is the story we have to tell.
Author Bios: DAVID F. RONFELDT (Ph.D., Political Science, Stanford University) is a senior social scientist at RAND whose research focus includes information revolution, netwar, cyberocracy, strategic swarming and the rise of transnational networks of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). JOHN ARQUILLA (Ph.D., Political Science, Stanford University) is a RAND consultant and a professor of foreign policy at the United States Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California.
Editorial Reviews
National Journal
Networks...the next major form of organization in our society. Networks and Netwars is an effective tool for people who want to understand them.U.S. News & World Report
RECOMMENDED READING ... contemporary terrorists are using the diffuse, often leaderless, organizational and operational approaches outlined in Networks and Netwars.New Perspectives Quarterly
Arquilla and Ronfeldt are a rare breed: strategic thinkers of the information age.King Features Weekly Service
Anyone who is not afraid to challenge their own thinking about how the war on terrorism is to be fought will find Networks and Netwars thought-provoking and eye-opening.Army Magazine
Excellent text for many reading audiences: social scientists, computer scientists, policy makers, military leaders or anyone interested in emerging threats.Choice
This is an interesting and important book on a fascinating subject.Foreign Affairs
... A useful collection of pieces on how contemporary communications shape nontraditional forms of warfare.Product Details
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Read an Excerpt
Networks and Netwars
The Future of Terror, Crime, and MilitancyRand Corporation
Copyright © 2001 John ArquillaAll right reserved.
ISBN: 9780833030306
Preface
The fight for the future makes daily headlines. Its battles are not between the armies of leading states, nor are its weapons the large, expensive tanks, planes, and fleets of regular armed forces. Rather, the combatants come from bomb-making terrorist groups like Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda, drug smuggling cartels like those in Colombia and Mexico, and militant anarchists like the Black Bloc that ran amok during the Battle of Seattle. Other protagonists are civil-society activists fighting for democracy and human rights-from Burma to the Balkans. What all have in common is that they operate in small, dispersed units that can deploy nimbly-anywhere, anytime. They know how to penetrate and disrupt, as well as elude and evade. All feature network forms of organization, doctrine, strategy, and technology attuned to the information age. And, from the Intifadah to the drug war, they are proving very hard to beat; some may actually be winning. This is the story we tell.This book also provides a further step in the elaboration of our ideas about how and why the information revolution is affecting the whole spectrum of conflict. Our notion of cyberwar (1993) focused on the military domain, and our first study of netwar (1996) on irregular modes of conflict, including terror, crime, and militant social activism. The implications of these concepts for organization, doctrine, and technology across the spectrum of conflict were further elaborated in our book, In Athena's Camp (1997). More recently, we noted that many activists who practice netwar are helping to create a new approach to strategy and diplomacy that we call noopolitik (1999). Next, we expanded on our idea that swarming (2000) will emerge as a 21st-century doctrine that will encompass and enliven both cyberwar and netwar. Here, we offer new analysis about netwar. The analysis includes case studies about terrorists, criminals, and gangs; social netwars in Burma, Mexico, and Seattle; and closing chapters on some of the technological, organizational, and doctrinal dynamics of netwar.
U.S. policymakers and strategists will be interested in this book. It should also interest analysts in academia and research institutes concerned with how the information revolution is altering the nature of conflict.
This book was prepared for a project on "Networks and Netwars," directed by John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt. The project was sponsored by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence), OASD/C3I, and was conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of RAND's National Defense Research Institute (NDRI). NDRI is a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the unified commands, and the defense agencies.
Comments are invited. We can be reached via email at arquilla@ rand.org and ronfeldt@rand.org.
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Table of Contents
Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter One
THE ADVENT OF NETWAR (REVISITED)
John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt
Part I: Violence-Prone Netwars
Chapter Two
THE NETWORKING OF TERROR IN THE INFORMATION AGE
Michele Zanini and Sean J.A. Edwards
Chapter Three
TRANSNATIONAL CRIMINAL NETWORKS
Phil Williams
Chapter Four
GANGS, HOOLIGANS, AND ANARCHISTS--THE VANGUARD OF NETWAR IN THE STREETS
John P. Sullivan
Part II: Social Netwars
Chapter Five
NETWORKING DISSENT: CYBER ACTIVISTS USE THE INTERNET TO PROMOTE DEMOCRACY IN BURMA
Tiffany Danitz and Warren P. Strobel
Chapter Six
EMERGENCE AND INFLUENCE OF THE ZAPATISTA SOCIAL NETWAR
David Ronfeldt and John Arquilla
Chapter Seven
NETWAR IN THE EMERALD CITY: WTO PROTEST STRATEGY AND TACTICS
Paul de Armond
Part III: Once and Future Netwars
Chapter Eight
ACTIVISM, HACKTIVISM, AND CYBERTERRORISM: THE INTERNET AS A TOOL FOR INFLUENCING FOREIGN POLICY
Dorothy E. Denning
Chapter Nine
THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS: ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISM AND ITS OPPONENTS
Luther P. Gerlach
Chapter Ten
WHAT NEXT FOR NETWORKS AND NETWARS?
David Ronfeldt and John Arquilla
Contributors
About the Editors
Afterword (September 2001): The Sharpening Fight for the Future