Nine Emotional Lives of Cats: A Journey into the Feline Heart

by Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson

Overview

In the hugely popular New York Times bestseller, Dogs Never Lie About Love, provocative psychoanalyst Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson brilliantly navigated the inner landscape of “man’s best friend.” Now he delves deep into the secretive, playful world of cats, revealing emotions, debunking myths, and honoring the feline’s evolution from solitary jungle creature to human companion.

Drawing from literature, history, animal behavioral research, and the wonderful true stories of cat experts and cat lovers around the world, Jeffrey Masson vividly explores the delights and mysteries of the feline heart. But at the core of this remarkable book are Masson’s candid, often amusing observations of his own five cats. Their mischievousness, aloofness, and affection provide a way to examine emotions from contentment to jealousy, from anger to love.

Consider the question: Are cats selfish? While human egocentricity is defined by how little a person cares about others, the cat’s narcissism is not like that at all. Cats may appear self-centered, but they watch us all the time, taking us in. They see us; they notice us–a far cry from vanity.

Cats are curious, a trait that rarely kills them. On the contrary, it gives them the chance to assess, in their own idiosyncratic way, whether we are worthy of their attention. Cats are happy to be themselves. What they think of us is a different question entirely. “We need cats to need us,” notes Masson, “It unnerves us that they do not. However, if they do not need us, they nonetheless seem to love us.”

The Nine Emotional Lives of Cats will captivate readers with its surprises and insights, offering a new perspective on the deep connection shared by humans and their feline friends. This is the book that Masson’s many fans and cat lovers everywhere have been waiting for.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780345458698
Publisher:	Random House Publishing Group
Publication date:	10/29/2002
Sold by:	Random House
Format:	eBook
Pages:	288
File size:	1 MB

About the Author

Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson, former Sanskrit scholar and Projects Director of the Sigmund Freud Archives, has written more than a dozen books, including the New York Times bestsellers Dogs Never Lie About Love and When Elephants Weep. A longtime resident of Berkeley, California, he now lives in New Zealand with his wife, two sons, and five cats.

Hometown:

Auckland, New Zealand

Date of Birth:

March 28, 1941

Place of Birth:

Chicago, Illinois

Education:

B.A., Harvard, 1964; Toronto Institute of Psychoanalysis, 1978, Ph.D. in Sanskrit and Indian Studies, Harvard, 1970

Read an Excerpt

Narcissism

Moko

Very different from that faithful animal the dog, whose sentiments are all directed to the person of his master, the cat appears only to feel for himself, to live conditionally, only to partake of society that he may abuse it. —Buffon

The frustrated woman in The New Yorker cartoon who asks the cat on her chair, “Am I talking to myself?” expects a laugh because the obvious answer is, “Yes, you are,” since cats have no interest in what we say to them. But is this really so?

Many people are convinced that cats are indifferent to us. Some even go so far as to use the word cold, which is not really descriptive but evaluative. Most cats (of mine, only Minna Girl is a partial exception) will not come when you call them, or rather, they will come sometimes, if they feel like it, and not other times, when presumably they don’t feel like it (unless there are other factors, as yet unknown to us, that decide whether a cat comes or not). This supposed indifference to humans leads some people to conclude that cats are narcissistic—in fact that narcissism is the cat’s defining characteristic. Not only are cats supposed to be narcissistic, they are commonly called haughty, egotistical, egocentric, self-centered, selfish, self-absorbed, egomaniacal, smug, distant, unsociable, and aloof. As for their indifference, the phrase is usually “calculated indifference,” but I doubt anyone would insist that it is calculated at all.

Narcissists lack the capacity to think about other people, to take the needs of others into consideration, to subordinate their own wishes to those of someone else. They are entirely self-involved. When I was a boy of fifteen, on an ocean liner from New York to London, I somehow struck up a friendship with a man of this description, a well-known American literary critic who was on board—the young admirer and the literary lion—and I spent much of the five days en route in his company. He spoke nonstop, always about himself, his accomplishments, his books, his admirers. It was good talk, fascinating to me at fifteen and evidently to others, for he always had a crowd. However, I knew then, though I did not know the word, that the man was a complete narcissist. He had zero interest in the ideas of anybody else around him or in anything but his own thoughts, which did indeed seem at the time more interesting than those of anyone else present. However, his fine mind could not encompass the one thought that everyone else could not avoid: He was a fool.

A cat’s narcissism, if that is the word we choose to use, is not like that at all. Cats watch us all the time. Obsessively. Coldly, some would say, or at least with some detachment. They see us; they notice us. Their eyes grow big watch- ing. They do it, some say, because they have to: we represent a superior predator, someone who might do them harm. But no, even when perfectly content, satisfied, completely out of danger, they do it. Cats take us in. We will probably never know what goes through their minds at those moments. What- ever it is, though, it is not self-absorption. The assertion, then, that cats think only about themselves is clearly wrong. Cats watch us so carefully that clearly they are thinking about us. But if we ask whether they think about us in preference to themselves, the answer is probably no.

Of course, in some sense, all animals, human or other- wise, are narcissistic to a certain degree, if narcissism can be equated with selfishness. Selfishness is built into every living creature, for none would survive without a healthy dose. Are cats more keen on survival than any other creature? It would be a strange claim. Yet cats certainly seem less altruistic than dogs, for example. I would not want to think my life depended on any of my cats. I seriously doubt that they would jeopardize their own safety to save my life. Why should they? (It seems that only dogs will risk their lives routinely, possi- bly because they can understand when a life is in jeopardy, whereas cats do not seem to realize this.) However, sometimes they do seem concerned. When I swim far out to sea at the beach outside my house, the four cats have a tendency to stand at the shoreline and wait for me, gazing out. Are they truly concerned, contemplating a lifesaving maneuver, or just curious? If I began to wave and shout, I doubt my cats would alter their stance.

The willingness to do something for others may be an inherited trait, common to dogs and humans but unknown to cats, having nothing to do with notions of selfishness. Why have we never heard of a service cat, like a service dog? Ma-jor economies have been driven by almost all the domesti-cated species—dogs (as herders and drovers), goats, sheep, pigs, cattle, water buffalo, horses. Only cats are economically insignificant—probably owing to resistance. Resistance seems an essential characteristic of cats. They resist us. Cats resist even size reduction, which we have practiced with such success on dogs. You do not find cats much bigger or smaller than other cats. They are all more or less the same size. They also resist our calls to come, to move, to obey, to present themselves, to do all the things that dogs do so easily. This drives some people crazy. Cats do not even care that it drives us crazy!

This is what some people mean when they call cats narcissistic: they will not alter their program to fit ours. It is very difficult to force a cat to do what we want. This seems to be one of the main reasons that many men in particular do not like cats: they cannot be controlled. They will not obey. Even the best-natured cat has an agenda of her own at almost all times. Even when she is doing nothing (although sleeping is hardly nothing), she does so on her own terms. Minna Girl will invariably come when I call her. Except when she will not. I call, she looks back, and then she continues on her way, not the least bit embarrassed or in any other way concerned that she has not done what I have asked. This could never happen with a dog, except under extraordinary circumstances. But for even the best-natured cat, it is an everyday experience. They hear us, they see us, they take in the request, and then they blink it away and to all appearances are completely indifferent. Yossie never does anything I ask; yet he expects me to do everything he asks. He is insistent about his food; “I want it now!” is his usual refrain. My cats are a lot like my five-year-old son, Ilan. “Fair’s fair” is a point of view utterly beyond their grasp.

I will wake up to see one of the cats and call out, “Miki!”—hoping that he will come bounding to me, rub his nose against my face, purr madly, and in other ways proclaim his pleasure in seeing me. I love morning greetings—two beings demonstrating the joy they feel in seeing one another again after a period of separation. But Miki walks past me without even pausing. All of the cats do this at some point or other. They act as if I were not there, as if I hardly mattered in their lives. Later in the same day, they will be running and playing with me on the beach, their eyes shining with pleasure, clearly delighted we are all together. I am learning to leave my expectations behind and take what comes as it comes. I seem to have no choice with cats.

Is what looks to us like studied indifference really that, or is it just that we do not entirely understand cat rules of behavior? Cats might assume, for example, that we can read their minds: “Can’t you see I am thinking of something else entirely?”—in which case for us to insist on our own agenda would be impolite from the cat’s point of view. They have something they are intent upon, a place they would rather be, a task they would rather perform, and our insistence that they conform to our plan is simply irrelevant to them. It does not occur to them to obey any request they do not themselves wish to perform or that is not self-generated.

Table of Contents

	Acknowledgments	xi
	Introduction	xiii
1	Narcissism	3
2	Love	27
3	Contentment	61
4	Attachment	81
5	Jealousy	103
6	Fear	127
7	Anger	155
8	Curiosity	179
9	Playfulness	205
	Epilogue	235
	Afterword	241
	Notes	244
	Recommended Reading	249
	Index	252

What People are Saying About This

"A wonderfully thoughtful -- and thought-provoking -- book about the feline mind."

Desmond Morris

"A wonderfully thoughtful -- and thought-provoking -- book about the feline mind."

Newkirk

"Jeffrey Masson delivers a fascinating and revealing cat’s eye view of life among the human animals. Clearly written by a man who listens, watches, and waits, much like the cats who warm his heart and satisfy his curiosity. Educational, useful, humane, and respectful. I recommend this book to any readers who wish to expand their knowledge of life in all its diverse forms."

Elizabeth Marshall Thomas

"An affectionate, completely engaging book full of new insights into the emotional lives of cats. Of course, all cats are interesting, but Masson’s five felines seem particularly so–and you don’t need to be a cat lover to enjoy them via these pages."

Interviews

Cats Do Care: A Talk with Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson

Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson wrote elegantly of animal emotions in his previous bestsellers Dogs Never Lie About Love and When Elephants Weep. Turning to perhaps the most enigmatic animal of all, his The Nine Emotional Lives of Cats forays into the mysterious heart of the feline.

Barnes & Noble.com: Was it more difficult for you to write about cats than about dogs or other animals?

Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson: In a sense it was, because cats are slightly more remote from human emotions than are dogs, or rather, let me put it this way: dogs make it particularly easy for us to understand their emotions. Cats expect us to figure it out, and if we don't, well, from their point of view...

B&N.com: A lot of the book draws on your personal experience with your five cats.

JMM: Yes, Yossie, a "domestic," big, tough, used to living wild, perhaps; talks all the time, saying things I simply cannot understand. Minna, the only female, sweet, soft, mysteriously disliked now by all the other cats. At first she was everybody's favorite. What happened? Was so small, and is now fat. Do cats have body prejudice? Miki, everyone's favorite for over a year, then he suddenly moved out! Lives next door now, on a permanent basis. Deigns to make very brief visits, but will no longer tolerate being held by anyone in this house, though by everyone in the other house! Go figure! (Isn't that the universal cat complaint?)

B&N.com: In your first two chapters -- "Narcissism" and "Love" -- you plunge right into the issues that most divide cat lovers from cat dislikers.

JMM: Yes, dogs are so other-oriented, always out to please, us, other dogs, even cats, at least on their own (one dog is usually a model of politeness; two dogs are the beginning of a gang of thugs!). Cats appear to be completely without any need of us. But if that were really the case, why do they come to our beds at night, seek out our laps, follow us around the house or even outside? What are they seeking? It is affection, of course, but why? They do not need us the way a dog does, and so the question recurs eternally: What does a cat really want?

B&N.com: Your third emotion -- "Contentment" -- is certainly undisputed, since anyone who has seen a contented cat can recognize the feeling. Do you believe that that contentment rubs off on us?

JMM: Oh, no doubt about it. People who live with cats simply have a healthier life, a higher quality of life than they would without the cats. Cats make us feel good because they are masters at feeling good. That is what their life is devoted to. We are supremely lucky that they do not mind sharing this emotion with us!

B&N.com: In fact, you say that cats are almost pure emotion.

JMM: Yes, few animals convey the very essence of an emotion such as contentment or joy the way a cat does. When kittens play, they are pure play. And when a cat is angry, it is pure anger, and woe to anyone who gets in the way. They live in their feelings, they are their feelings, I believe. So they are not really aloof in the way we tend to think of them, they are just Zen masters, attuned to the instant.

B&N.com: One of the reasons cats retain so much mystery is because they really are still wild animals.

JMM: Yes, they really are. The only domesticated animal that has never really been domesticated. Cats agree to live with us, for reasons we have not yet entirely understood, but they are really no different from their wild counterparts, and can easily revert to feral life if they have to, or even if they choose to. It makes their willingness to share our homes something of a miracle. A happy miracle!

Editorial Reviews

Bestselling author Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson gives us another brilliant exploration of the animal kingdom with this look at the secretive, playful world of cats. Masson explores feline emotions, debunks myths, and honors the cat's place as a companion to humans.

An exploration into the emotional complexity of cats, with lots of literary references but mostly personal observations, from Masson (Why Elephants Weep, 1995, etc.). What Masson did for dogs in Dogs Never Lie About Love (1997), he does here for cats. As always when considering animal behavior, he admits from the get-go that he's on sketchy ground, making speculations that are intended as food for thought: "We will probably never know what goes through their minds." There are times when readers may wonder why he chose these "primary" emotions to investigate-narcissism, love, contentment, attachment, jealousy, fear, anger, curiosity, playfulness, and a dozen subsidiary states-when he is confounded by a few of them: "Are cats narcissistic? No." Or "Is this jealousy, or is it perhaps some feline rule of etiquette?" But then, much of the time cats are nothing if not inscrutable, as Masson is happy to admit. Their mystery is much of their charm. Yet it's Masson's purpose to offer up considerations of cat behavior. Is their attachment a transference-a nostalgia-for the time when they were kittens? And when it comes to attachment, is it more to the world around them than to their human companions? (Masson believes cats are more fully happy when allowed freedom to roam, a point he presents persuasively, unlike many cat enthusiasts.) Much of what the author has to say is common sense: that cats show fear out of threat (but don't worry; they live in the moment); show contentment from a sense of security (but not happiness: that takes freedom); and can communicate acceptance (purring has been known to lower human blood pressure, perhaps because we have been chosen by one so self-possessed). Anyonewho has ever been owned by a cat will find these speculations engaging, finely tuned, and always with plenty of fond anecdotal evidence as they charge across the species barrier. Author tour

Kirkus Reviews

Fascinating . . . A book full of uncommon insight.”
—O, The Oprah Magazine

“THIS ENJOYABLE BOOK IS USEFUL FOR ITS INSIGHTS. . . . [IT] IS FULL OF GUIDANCE, BUT ITS VIRTUE IS, SIMPLY, PLEASURE.”
—DORIS LESSING

“AN AFFECTIONATE, COMPLETELY ENGAGING BOOK full of new insights into the emotional lives of cats. Of course, all cats are interesting, but Masson’s five felines seem particularly so—and you don’t need to be a cat lover to enjoy them via these pages.”
—ELIZABETH MARSHALL THOMAS
Bestselling author of
The Hidden Lives of Dogs and The Tribe of the Tiger

“It is a rare pleasure to find a person who can enter the ‘deep and inscrutable’ feline psyche so lovingly and perceptively, and then return to enrich us with such coherent insight and understanding.”
—MICHAEL FOX, Veterinarian
Author of Understanding Your Cat

“WITTY, ALLUSIVE, AND OFTEN ENCHANTING.”
—Newsday

“A WONDERFULLY THOUGHTFUL—AND THOUGHT-PROVOKING—BOOK ABOUT THE FELINE MIND.”
—DESMOND MORRIS
Author of The Naked Ape and Catwatching

“Jeffrey Masson delivers a fascinating and revealing cat’s eye view of life among the human animals. Clearly written by a man who listens, watches, and waits, much like the cats who warm his heart and satisfy his curiosity. . . . I recommend this book to any readers who wish to expand their knowledge of life in all its diverse forms.”
—INGRID NEWKIRK
President, PETA

“Engaging . . . A book filled with elegant, thought-provoking prose and astute opinions.”
—Best Friends magazine

“Highly recommended . . . [Masson] takes anecdotal experience and translates them into enlightened observations that shatter the myths that cats are aloof, independent, and egocentric.”
—Library Journal (starred review)

“Anyone who has ever been owned by a cat will find these speculations engaging, finely tuned, and always with plenty of fond anecdotal evidence as they charge across the species barrier.”
—Kirkus Reviews

“Do cats feel emotions we know nothing about? Do they surpass humans in any of their feelings? Masson sheds new light on the inner nature of these seemingly solitary and aloof creatures.”
—Pet Life magazine

“This appealing book is as much a portrait of Masson as it is of his enchanting cats.”
—Publishers Weekly

“Worth reading and reading again, accompanied by a purring lap cat.”
—Booklist

“Masson dotes on cats, but the expresses his fondness honorably, with well-observed analyses of everything from the many functions of purring to what cats are really doing when they cut us dead. . . . One of the pleasures of living with cats is that they teach you things.”
—O magazine

“I enjoyed this book about our fascinating and often enigmatic friends the cats, and learned from it.”
—DORIS LESSING

From the Publisher