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Information on common dermatological complaints is offered in different ways to meet a variety of needs. Firstly a problem-orientated perspective is provided, and then a disease-based perspective looking at what underlying problems cause particular diseases. This is followed by a section that looks at dermatological disease by anatomical location, and a section that outlines different treatments.
This book is ideal for veterinary students, new practitioners and established professionals who need a quick refresher.
Section 1 The Basic Tools 1
Chapter 1 Terminology and Glossary 3
Chapter 2 Lesions 11
Chapter 3 Investigation and Diagnosis 20
3.1 History 20
3.2 Clinical examination 21
3.3 Examination for ectoparasites 25
3.4 Cytology 31
3.5 Skin biopsies 34
3.6 Fungal examination 38
3.7 Examinations for bacteria and yeasts 40
3.8 Allergy testing 41
3.9 Tests for endocrine disease 43
Section 2 Problem-Orientated Approach 47
Chapter 4 The Pruritic Patient 49
4.1 Causes of pruritus 49
4.2 The pruritic dog 50
4.3 The more mature patient 54
4.4 The pruritic cat 54
4.5 Clinical approach to the pruritic cat 60
Chapter 5 The Scaling Patient 65
5.1 The most common cause of scaling conditions is parasites 65
5.2 Localisation of scaling disorders 68
5.3 Dermatophytosis 68
5.4 Bacterial and yeast infections 68
5.5 Systemic disease 68
5.6 Endocrine disease 69
5.7 Mild scaling 69
5.8 Biopsy 70
5.9 Immune-mediated disease 70
5.10 Primary genetic scaling disorders 71
5.11 Hypersensitivity dermatitis 71
5.12 Treatment of scaling disorders 71
Chapter 6 The Alopecic Patient 72
6.1 Congenital or acquired hairloss 72
6.2 Pattern alopecias 72
6.3 Traumatic hairloss 72
6.4 Inflammatory hairloss 73
6.5 Screen for alopecia due to systemic disease 75
6.6 Paraneoplastic alopecia 75
6.7 Endocrine alopecia 75
6.8 Biopsy 76
6.9 Non-endocrine alopecias 77
6.10 Long-term palliative treatment is usually necessary in alopecic skin conditions to address secondary complications 77
Chapter 7 Management of Diseases Presenting with Spots (Papules, Pustules, Vesicles and Bullae) 78
7.1 Young animals 78
7.2 Severe/recurrent or persistent lesions 80
7.3 Investigation of papular disease 81
7.4 Investigation of vesicular disease 81
7.5 Investigation of pustular disease 81
7.6 Folliculitis 83
Chapter 8 Approach to Changes in Pigmentation 85
8.1 Changes in pigmentation may be generalised or may be localised in specific patterns 85
8.2 Secondary changes in pigmentation should be differentiated from primary changes 85
8.3 Generalised hyperpigmentation may occur in some endocrine and non-endocrine conditions 85
8.4 Pigmentary change may be beingn and/or transient 87
8.5 Loss of pigmentation of the skin 87
8.6 Reddening of the skin 87
8.7 Increase in pigmentation 88
8.8 Loss of pigmentation of hair coat 88
8.9 Early histopathological examination is essential 88
8.10 Some lesions cannot always be definitively diagnosed on biopsy 89
Chapter 9 Management of Raised and Ulcerative Skin Lesions 90
9.1 Papular pustular and vesicular disease 90
9.2 Eosinophilic granuloma complex 90
9.3 Cytology or histopathology 90
9.4 Treatment of neoplastic disease 92
9.5 Raised lesions due to micro-organisms 92
9.6 Definitive diagnosis reached 92
9.7 Chronic inflammatory and bacteria/fungal lesions 93
Section 3 Aetiological Approach 95
Chapter 10 Diseases Caused by Ectoparasites 97
10.1 Dog 97
10.2 Cats 109
10.3 Rabbit 114
10.4 Guinea pigs 118
10.5 Other mites and lice of rabbits, mice and gerbils 120
Chapter 11 Skin Disease Caused by Micro-organisms 121
11.1 Bacterial infections 121
11.2 Leishmaniosis 128
11.3 Fungal infections 129
11.4 Malassezia dermatitis 134
11.5 Skin diseases caused by viruses 136
Chapter 12 Hypersensitivity Dermatitis 138
12.1 Parasitic hypersensitivity 138
12.2 Atopic dermatitis 140
12.3 Adverse cutaneous reaction to food 143
12.4 Insect bite hypersensitivity 149
12.5 Bacterial, fungal and yeast hypersensitivity 150
Chapter 13 Management of Immune-Mediated Disease 152
13.1 Types of immune-mediated disease 152
13.2 The management of immune-mediated disease 152
13.3 Specific diseases 156
Chapter 14 Endocrine Disease 163
14.1 Hyperadrenocorticism 163
14.2 Hypothyroidism 167
14.3 Less common endocrine diseases with a primary effect on the skin 171
14.4 Common endocrine diseases that have a secondary effect on the skin 174
14.5 Rare endocrine problems 175
Chapter 15 Disorders of the Pilosebaceous Unit (Hair Follicle Disorders) 176
15.1 Primary hair follicle dysplasias 176
15.2 Secondary hair follicle dysplasias 178
Chapter 16 Neoplastic Skin Disease 180
16.1 Primary skin masses 180
16.2 Common types of skin neoplasia 183
16.3 Generalised skin neoplasia 185
16.4 Metastatic skin neoplasia 186
16.5 Paraneoplastic syndromes 186
Chapter 17 Other Skin Diseases 188
17.1 Metabolic disease 188
17.2 Nutritional disease 189
17.3 Environmental causes 190
17.4 Psychogenic dermatoses 191
17.5 Dermatoses of neurological origin 191
Section 4 Anatomically Localised Skin Disease 193
Chapter 18 The Foot 195
18.1 Management of claw disease 195
18.2 Management of footpad disease 201
18.3 Pododermatitis 204
Chapter 19 Skin Affecting the Perianal Region 210
19.1 Management of perianal skin disease 210
Chapter 20 Ear Disease 217
20.1 Management of pinnal disease 217
20.2 Management of acute otitis externa 222
20.3 Management of chronic or recurrent otitis externa 222
Chapter 21 Periocular Skin Disease 230
21.1 Management of periocular disease 230
Chapter 22 Dermatoses Affecting the Muzzle 234
22.1 Management of the haired skin of the muzzle 234
22.2 Management of diseases affecting the nasal planum 240
Chapter 23 Management of Facial Lesions 242
Chapter 24 Management of Skin Disease Affecting the Legs 246
Chapter 25 Management of Diseases Affecting Mainly the Trunk and Dorsum 252
Section 5 Treatment of Skin Diseases 259
Chapter 26 Treatment of Primary Skin Disease 261
26.1 Ectoparasiticides 261
26.2 Treatment of diseases caused by micro-organisms 271
26.3 Treatment of hypersensitivity dermatitis 278
26.4 Treatment of immune-mediated disease 281
26.5 Treatment of endocrine disease 290
26.6 Treatments for hair follicle disorders and keratinisation defects (primary scaling disorders, primary seborrhoea) 295
26.7 Chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in skin neoplasia 300
Chapter 27 Treatment of Presenting Signs 304
27.1 Management of pruritus 304
27.2 Bacterial and yeast infections 312
27.3 Management of scaling 321
27.4 Nutritional support for damaged skin 322
Chapter 28 Use and Abuse of Glucocorticoids 324
28.1 Indications 324
28.2 Dose and formulation 324
28.3 Steroid sparing measures 326
28.4 Side-effects 327
28.5 Contraindications 328
Chapter 29 Topical Treatments 330
29.1 Use of topical preparations 330
29.2 Inappropriate use of topical products can be harmful 331
29.3 Formulations of topical treatments 331
Appendices 339
Appendix 1 History Form 340
Appendix 2 Clinical Examination 342
Appendix 3 Testing Food Intolerance 343
Appendix 4 Advice on the Use of Medicinal Products 345
Appendix 5 Safe Use of Glucocorticoids 347
Appendix 6 Side-Effects Seen When Steroids are Given 349
Owner handout 349
Index 351
Overview
Information on common dermatological complaints is offered in different ways to meet a variety of needs. Firstly a problem-orientated perspective is provided, and then a disease-based perspective looking at what ...