Origins of the Bronze Age Oasis Civilization in Central Asia
The Murghad River delta, the site of ancient Margiana, was extensively settled during at least part of the Bronze Age, between 2200 and 1750 B.C. Oases in an otherwise desert region, settlements were situated along deltaic branches of the river or canals dug from those branches. Excavations at one of the largest and most complex of these sites, Gonur depe, have been ongoing for many years under the direction of Victor Sarianidi. During the 1988–89 field season, Fred Hiebert excavated part of Gonur in collaboration with the Ministry of Culture of Turkmenistan and the Institute of Archaeology in Moscow.

Published here, the results provide a key to understanding the large corpus of material of the Bactro-Margiana Archaeological Complex extracted over the past 30 years from this and neighboring sites of the Oxus civilization.

1101976065
Origins of the Bronze Age Oasis Civilization in Central Asia
The Murghad River delta, the site of ancient Margiana, was extensively settled during at least part of the Bronze Age, between 2200 and 1750 B.C. Oases in an otherwise desert region, settlements were situated along deltaic branches of the river or canals dug from those branches. Excavations at one of the largest and most complex of these sites, Gonur depe, have been ongoing for many years under the direction of Victor Sarianidi. During the 1988–89 field season, Fred Hiebert excavated part of Gonur in collaboration with the Ministry of Culture of Turkmenistan and the Institute of Archaeology in Moscow.

Published here, the results provide a key to understanding the large corpus of material of the Bactro-Margiana Archaeological Complex extracted over the past 30 years from this and neighboring sites of the Oxus civilization.

45.0 In Stock
Origins of the Bronze Age Oasis Civilization in Central Asia

Origins of the Bronze Age Oasis Civilization in Central Asia

Origins of the Bronze Age Oasis Civilization in Central Asia

Origins of the Bronze Age Oasis Civilization in Central Asia

Paperback

$45.00 
  • SHIP THIS ITEM
    In stock. Ships in 3-7 days. Typically arrives in 3 weeks.
  • PICK UP IN STORE

    Your local store may have stock of this item.

Related collections and offers


Overview

The Murghad River delta, the site of ancient Margiana, was extensively settled during at least part of the Bronze Age, between 2200 and 1750 B.C. Oases in an otherwise desert region, settlements were situated along deltaic branches of the river or canals dug from those branches. Excavations at one of the largest and most complex of these sites, Gonur depe, have been ongoing for many years under the direction of Victor Sarianidi. During the 1988–89 field season, Fred Hiebert excavated part of Gonur in collaboration with the Ministry of Culture of Turkmenistan and the Institute of Archaeology in Moscow.

Published here, the results provide a key to understanding the large corpus of material of the Bactro-Margiana Archaeological Complex extracted over the past 30 years from this and neighboring sites of the Oxus civilization.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780873655453
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Publication date: 11/28/1994
Series: American School of Prehistoric Research Bulletins , #42
Pages: 240
Product dimensions: 7.31(w) x 10.31(h) x 0.60(d)

About the Author

C. C. Lamberg-Karlovsky is Stephen Phillips Professor of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University.

Table of Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

Note on translations and transliterations


Introduction

Chapter One: Region of Study

Physical Environment

The Oasis

Natural Delta Environment

Clayey Basins (Takyr)

Deserts

Rivers

Foothill Plains and Mountains

Paleoclimate

Cultural Geography

Margiana

Oases Settlements

Foothill Settlements

Mountain Valley Settlements

Contact Areas Outside of Central Asia

Chapter Two: Bronze Age Sites of Margiana

Northern Sites

Kelleli 4

Kelleli 3


Southern Sites

Togolok 21

Togolok 1

Togolok 24


Eastern Sites

Gonur depe

Site Distribution

Chapter Three: Stratigraphic Excavations at Gonur

Deep Sounding on Gonur North

Description of the Excavation and Deposits

Method of Excavation


The Stratigraphy

Layers 1 and 2

Layers 3 and 4

Layer 5

Layer 6

Layer 7: Surface


Ceramics and Small Finds

Period 1

Period 2

Chapter Four: Relative Chronology and Ceramics of Margiana

Classification of Margiana Ceramics

1. Small Vessels

2. Thin-Walled Vessels

3. Large Vessels with Thick Shoulders

4. Large Storage and Production Vessels

5. Podstavki

6. Platters

7. Cylindrical Ceramics


Surface Treatment

Painted and Incised Designs

Potter's Marks

SealImpressions


Coarseware Ceramics

Discussion

Period 1

Period 2

Takhirbai Period

Geomagnetic Dating


Conclusions

Chapter Five: Absolute Chronology and Radiocarbon Dates

New Radiocarbon Dates

Period 1

Period 2

Period 3

Data Not Used

Interpretation


Parallels

The Foothill Zone

Northern and Southern Bactria

Eastern Bactria: Shortughai

South Asia

Iranian Plateau


Conclusions

Chapter Six: The Earliest Architecture at Gonur Depe

Bronze Age House

Room 1

Room 2

Room 3

Court A


Surrounding Rooms

Rooms 4 and 5

Room 8

Room 9


Ceramics

Stratigraphy Below Architecture

Other Architecture on the North Mound

Architectural Comparison

Earliest Monumental Architecture at Gonur

Stratigraphy and Phasing

Exterior Corridor

Interior Corridor

Courtyard and Adjacent Rooms (13 through 18)

Rooms 1 through 18


Architectural Parallels

Conclusions

Chapter Seven: The Period 2 (BMAC) Architecture

Methods of Excavations

Stratigraphy

The First Architectural Phase: The Original Construction

Phase 2

Phase 3

Phase 4: BMAC Burials and Cenotaphs

Phase 5: Central Building

Relative Dating


The Exterior Wall

Collaborative Excavations at Row 2

Phase 1: Domestic Architecture

Phases 2 and 3


North Side

Kelli

Excavation of a Kelli

Architecture South of the Kelli

Northeast Side

Phase 2: Domestic Architecture

Comments Concerning Domestic

Architecture


West Side, Rows 3 Through 8

Phase 1

Phases 2 and 3

Plastered Baskets and Vessels

Plaster

Kilns

Fire Pits

Semifinished Artifacts

Burials and Cenotaphs (Phase 4)


Conclusions

Chapter Eight: The Domestic Economy of Gonur

The Paleoethnobotanical Record

Cultivated Plants

Field Weeds

Fuel


Faunal Remains

Wild Animal Exploitation

Domestic Animals

Two Types of Bronze Age Pastoralists


Conclusions

Chapter Nine: The Development of the BMAC

Locally Available Materials

Terracotta

Bone Objects


Imported Materials

Stone

Metal


The Bactrian-Margiana Archaeological Complex

Production

Culture Contact

Indigenous Development

Chapter Ten: Trends and Traditions in Central Asian Culture History

The Chronology Presented in this Study

Establishment of the Central Asian Pattern

Traditions of Central Asian Motifs

Early Oasis Adaptations


Origins of the Central Asian Bronze Age Tradition

The Central Asian Bronze Age Ceramic Tradition

The Mature Bronze Age of Central Asia

Late Namazga V

Evidence of a Food Production Crisis?


Namazga VI

The Origins of Occupation in Margiana: Period 1 (2200-2100 B.C.)

Colonization

New Agricultural Systems

Pioneer Architecture


The BMAC Oasis Culture: Period 2 (2000-1750 B.C.)

Cultural Continuity and Transformation

The Qala and the Khan

Expansionism


Conclusions

Bibliography

Concordance of Figures

Index

From the B&N Reads Blog

Customer Reviews