Paleoethnobotany, 2nd Edition / Edition 2

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2001 This book has soft covers. Ex-library, With usual stamps and markings, In good all round condition., 1350grams, ISBN: 9780125480369. *****PLEASE NOTE: This item is shipping ... from an authorized seller in Europe. In the event that a return is necessary, you will be able to return your item within the US. To learn more about our European sellers and policies see the BookQuest FAQ section***** Read more Show Less

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Overview

This new edition of the definitive work on "doing paleoethnobotany" follows the steady growth in the quantity and sophistication of paleoethnobotanical research. It features a rewritten chapter on phytolith analysis and a new chapter, Integrating Biological Data. It also includes new techniques, such as residue analysis, and new applications of old indicators, such as starch grains. An expanded examination of pollen analysis, more examples of environmental reconstruction, and a better balance of Old and New World examples increase the versatility of this holistic view of paleoethnobotany.

Paleoethnobotany, Second Edition presents the diverse approaches and techniques that anthropologists and botanists use to study human-plant interactions. It shows why anthropologists must identify plant remains and understand the ecology of human-plant interactions. Additionally, it demonstrates why botanists need to view the plant world from a cultural perspective and understand the strengths and weaknesses of the archaeological record.

Audience: Upper division undergraduate and graduate students learning archaeological methods and approaches; general archaeologists and anthropologists; educated laypersons interested in the recovery and interpretation of archaeological botanical remains.

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Editorial Reviews

American Anthropologist
Every archaeologist planning to excavate a site needs to read Pearsall's section on sampling botanical remains before digging. . .
American Antiquity
Pearsall does an excellent job of raising and answering questions related to the how to's of paleoethnobotany. Her style is relaxed, yet informative, and in sections is similar to a conversation with the author.
Choice
This new edition of the definitive work on doing paleoenthnobotany follows the steady growth in the quantity and sophistication of paleoenthnobotanical research. It features a rewritten chapter on phytolith analysis and a new chapter, Integrating Biological Data. It also includes new techiques, such as residue analysis, and new applications of old indicators, such as starch grains. An expanded examination of pollen analysis, more examples of environmental reconstruction, and a better balance of Old and New World examples increase the versatility of this holistic view of paleoethnobotany.
Paleoenthnobotany, Second Edition presents the diverse approaches and techniques that anthropologists and botanists use to study human-plant interactions. It shows why anthropologists must identify plant remains and understand the ecology of human-plant interactions. Additionally, it demonstrates why botanists need to view the plant world from a cultural perspective and understand the strengths and weaknesses of the archaeological record.
Pearsall should be commended for bringing together ideas culled from other disciplines (geology, biology, ecology) and recasting them in an archaeological light...
Journal of Field Archaeology
This work is an essential resource for researchers whose specialities lie in the prehistory of the New World tropics, agricultural origins, or prehistoric subsistence and diet. Although the level of detail is more appropriate for the professional reader, the book's clear style and careful explanation of complex concepts and methods make it potentially accessible to a wider readership. No doubt it will serve as a model of current and future generatsions of researchers, who I hope will take to heart (and into the field) the lessons offered by this superb multidisciplinary study of agricultural orgins.
Reviews In Anthropology
Pearsall is to be commended for producing a volume that will do much to positively affect future research in paleoethnobotany.
SIDA: Contributions to Botany
... valuable for its comprehensive outline of approaches and techniques of research, but more importantly...the only book of its kind....
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Product Details

  • ISBN-13: 9780125480369
  • Publisher: Emerald Group Pub Ltd
  • Publication date: 4/3/2001
  • Edition description: 2nd Edition
  • Edition number: 2
  • Pages: 700
  • Product dimensions: 7.40 (w) x 9.10 (h) x 1.60 (d)

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Table of Contents

Preface to the Second Edition xiii
Preface to the First Edition xix
List of Tables xxi
List of Figures xxv
Chapter 1. The Paleoethnobotanical Approach
Introduction 1
Historical Overview 3
Nature and Status of Ethnobotany 6
Chapter 2. Techniques for Recovering Macroremains
Introduction 11
In Situ Collection of Material 12
Screening Techniques 13
Water Recovery: Flotation Techniques 14
Terminology 15
Development of Flotation in the New World 19
Development of Flotation in the Old World 22
Machine-Assisted Flotation in North America 26
Building and Operating Flotation Systems: Sample Designs 29
Manual Flotation 29
Machine-Assisted Flotation: Water Separators and SMAP Machines 44
Machine-Assisted Flotation: Froth Flotation 59
Sampling for Macroremains 66
Strategies for Sampling 66
Sampling Techniques 69
Hints for Good Sampling 75
Issues and Directions in Recovery of Macroremains 77
Choosing a Recovery System 77
Problem Soils 88
Chemical Flotation 89
Testing Flotation Recovery Rates 93
Saltwater Flotation 96
Chapter 3. Identification and Interpretation of Macroremains
Introduction 99
Initial Processing of Samples 100
Basic Hand-Sorting Procedures 100
Subsampling Large Flotation Samples 111
Alternatives to Hand Sorting 116
Sorting Desiccated and Waterlogged Samples 117
Building a Comparative Collection 119
Plant-Collecting Procedures 120
Pressing and Drying Specimens 124
Identification of Comparative Materials 127
Preparing a Working Laboratory Collection 128
Basic Identification Techniques 133
Seeds 133
Fruits and Nuts 140
Wood 144
Roots and Tubers 153
Fibers, Leaves, and Non-Woody Stems 162
Cultivated Plant Material 168
Specialized Identification Techniques 170
Embedding, Sectioning, and Grinding 170
Electron Microscopy 175
Morphometric Analysis 177
Residue Analyses 178
Presenting and Interpreting Results 188
Qualitative Presentation 191
Quantitative Analysis 192
Reporting Results 224
Interpreting Macroremain Data: Case Studies 227
Issues and Directions in Macroremain Analysis 239
Sources of Seeds 240
The Meaning of Abundance Measures 242
Sources of Bias in the Paleoethnobotanical Record 244
Proof and Falsification 245
The Roles of Macroremain Analysis in Paleoethnobotany 247
Chapter 4. Pollen Analysis
Introduction 249
Nature and Production of Pollen 251
Formation of Pollen 251
Pollen Grain Structure 251
Pollen Representation 258
History of Pollen Analysis 263
Field Sampling 270
Sampling Strategies 270
Taking Soil Samples 279
Sampling Modern Vegetation 288
Laboratory Analysis 289
Sampling a Core 290
Soil Extraction Techniques 290
Processing Coprolites 297
Processing Floral Specimens 300
Mounting Slides 301
Counting and Identifying Pollen 302
Presenting and Interpreting Results 311
Presenting Data 312
Interpreting Sedimentary Data 318
Case Study: Identifying Human Influences on Vegetation, An Example from the Pacific 338
Interpreting Archaeological Pollen Data 344
Issues and Directions in Archaeological Pollen Analysis 348
Preservation 348
Context and Sampling Issues 349
Methodological Concerns 350
The Roles of Pollen Analysis in Archaeology and Paleoethnobotany 352
Chapter 5. Phytolith Analysis
Introduction 355
Nature and Occurrence of Phytoliths 356
What Are Phytoliths? 356
The World of Phytoliths 360
Identifying Plants Using Phytoliths 375
Phytolith Deposition 392
Phytoliths and Archaeology: A Brief History 395
Field Sampling 399
Sampling Soil and Sediments 399
Sampling Vegetation 410
Laboratory Analysis 411
Phytolith Laboratory 411
Soil-Processing Procedures 416
Processing Comparative Plant Material 435
Scanning and Counting Procedures 444
Presenting and Interpreting Results 460
Presenting Results 460
Interpreting Phytolith Data 468
Case Study 1 How Common Was Maize at Real Alto? 473
Case Study 2 Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction: Integrating Phytolith and Pollen Data 483
Issues and Directions in Phytolith Analysis 491
What Plants Produce Diagnostic Phytoliths? 491
How, and from What Sources, Are Phytoliths Deposited in the Samples We Study? 493
How Are Phytoliths Extracted, Scanned, Quantified, and Reported? 493
What Are the Roles of Phytolith Analysis in Paleoethnobotany? In Archaeology? 494
Chapter 6. Integrating Biological Data
Part I Indicators of Diet and Health
Introduction 498
Indirect Dietary Indicators 501
Botanical Data 501
Faunal Data 507
Direct Indicators 520
Gut Contents and Coprolites 520
Stable Isotopes 522
Trace Elements 535
Skeletal Indicators of Nutrition and Health 546
Part II The Interplay of Dietary Indicators
Predictions from Dietary Indicators 561
Indirect Indicators: Botanical and Faunal Data 561
Coprolite Data 562
Isotopes 562
Trace Elements 563
Nonspecific Indicators of Stress 564
Combined Indicators for Eight Neotropical Diets 566
Diets 1 and 2 566
Diets 3 and 4 569
Diets 5-8 572
From Model to Reality: Two Archaeological Case Studies 578
Coastal Ecuador: Formative Period Diet 579
Paloma, Peru Case 588
Conclusions 591
References 593
Index 695
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