Physiology / Edition 2

Using the Road Map Series for Successful Review ix

Acknowledgements xiii

1 Cell Physiology 1

I Plasma Membrane 1

II Ion Channels 4

III Cell Signaling 8

IV Membrane Potential 11

V Structure of Skeletal Muscle 13

VI Neuromuscular and Synaptic Transmission 18

VII Smooth Muscle 22

Clinical Problems 24

Answers 26

2 Cardiovascular Physiology 27

I General Principles 27

II Hemodynamics 28

III Electrophysiology 33

IV Cardiac Muscle and Cardiac Output 38

V Cardiac Cycle with Pressures and ECG 43

VI Regulation of Arterial Pressure 45

VII Control Mechanisms and Special Circulations 47

VIII Integrative Function 50

Clinical Problems 52

Answers 55

3 Respiratory Physiology 57

I Lung Volumes and Capacities 57

II Muscles of Breathing 59

III Lung Compliance 61

IV Components of Lung Recoil 62

V Airway Resistance 63

VI Gas Exchange and Oxygen Transport 64

VII Carbon Dioxide Transport 68

VIII Respiration Control 70

IX Pulmonary Blood Flow 71

X Ventilation-Perfusion Differences 74

XI Special Environments 76

Clinical Problems 76

Answers 79

4 Body Fluids, Renal, and Acid-Base Physiology 81

I Body Fluids 81

II Kidney Function 85

III Renal Anatomy 86

IV Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration 89

V Transport Mechanisms of Nephron Segments 93

VI Regulation of NaCl Transport 96

VII Potassium Regulation 99

VIII Renal Handling of Glucose 100

IX Urea Regulation 101

X Phosphate Regulation 101

XI Renal Calcium Regulation 101

XII Magnesium Regulation 101

XIII Concentrating and Diluting Mechanisms 101

XIV Acid-Base Balance 104

XV Diagnostic Hints for Acid-Base Disorders 106

XVI Selected Acid-Base Disorders108

Clinical Problems 110

Answers 112

5 Gastrointestinal Physiology 114

I Regulation: Muscle, Nerves, and Hormones of the Gut 114

II Salivary Secretion 115

III Swallowing 117

IV Gastric Motor Function 118

V Gastric Secretion 121

VI Motility of the Small Intestine 124

VII Exocrine Pancreas 127

VIII Biliary Secretion 128

IX Digestion and Absorption 130

X Motility of the Colon and Rectum 136

Clinical Problems 137

Answers 139

6 Endocrine Physiology 141

I General Principles 141

II Adrenal Cortex 145

III Adrenal Medulla 149

IV Endocrine Pancreas 150

V Glucagon 153

VI Human Growth Hormone 156

VII Hormonal Calcium Regulation 158

VIII Thyroid Hormones 161

IX Male Reproductive Hormones 163

X Female Reproductive Hormones 166

Clinical Problems 172

Answers 174

7 Neurophysiology 175

I Autonomic Nervous System 176

II Sensory System 179

III Motor Pathways 194

IV Language Function of the Cerebral Cortex 203

V The Blood-Brain Barrier and Cerebrospinal Fluid 205

VI Body Temperature Regulation 207

Clinical Problems 210

Answers 212

Index 215