Plant Biology / Edition 2

by Linda E. Graham, Jim M. Graham, Lee W. Wilcox

Overview

Key Benefit: For non-majors and mixed-majors introductory botany (plant biology) courses.

Plant Biology focuses readers on the function of plants and the role they play in our world. With evolved content and a new organization, the authors emphasize the scientific method to help readers develop the critical thinking skills they need to make sound decisions throughout life. Together, the emphasis on how plants work and the development of critical-thinking skills support the authors’ goal of fostering scientific literacy.

Key Topics: Introduction to Plant Biology, Plants and People, Molecules and Plants, Cells, Photosynthesis and Respiration, DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis, Cell Division: Mitosis and Cytokinesis, Plant Structure, Growth, and Development, Stems, Roots, Leaves, Plant Behavior, Reproduction, Meiosis, and Life Cycles, Genetics and the Laws of Inheritance, Genetic Engineering, Biological Evolution, Naming and Organizing Microbes, Viruses, and Plants, Prokaryotes and the Origin of Life, Protists and the Origin of Eukaryotic Cells, Fungi and Lichens, Seedless Plants: Bryophytes, Lycophytes, and Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and the Origin of Seeds, Angiosperm Reproduction: Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds, Flowering Plant and Animal Coevolution: Pollination and Seed Dispersal, Principles of Ecology and the Biosphere, Arid Terrestrial Ecosystems, Moist Terrestrial Ecosystems, Aquatic Ecosystems, Human Impacts and Sustainability

Market Description: For those interested in learning the basics of plant biology

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780131469068
Publisher:	Benjamin Cummings
Publication date:	03/01/2005
Edition description:	REV
Pages:	704
Product dimensions:	8.90(w) x 10.60(h) x 1.10(d)

Table of Contents

I. Introduction

1. Introduction to Plant Biology

2. Plants and People

II. Plant Structure and Function

3. Molecules and Plants

4. Cells

5. Photosynthesis and Respiration

6. DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis

7. Cell Division: Mitosis and Cytokinesis

8. Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

9. Stems

10. Roots

11. Leaves

12. Plant Behavior

III. Plant Reproduction, Genetics, and Evolution

13. Reproduction, Meiosis, and Life Cycles

14. Genetics and the Laws of Inheritance

15. Genetic Engineering

16. Biological Evolution

IV. Diversity

17. Naming and Organizing Microbes, Viruses, and Plants

18. Prokaryotes and the Origin of Life

19. Protists and the Origin of Eukaryotic Cells

20. Fungi and Lichens

21. Seedless Plants: Bryophytes, Lycophytes, and Pteridophytes

22. Gymnosperms and the Origin of Seeds

23. Angiosperm Reproduction: Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds

24. Flowering Plant and Animal Coevolution: Pollination and Seed Dispersal

V. Ecology and Plant Adaptations to the Environment

25. Principles of Ecology and the Biosphere

26. Arid Terrestrial Ecosystems

27. Moist Terrestrial Ecosystems

28. Aquatic Ecosystems

29. Human Impacts and Sustainability

Introduction

To the student

Throughout your lifetime you will make many decisions that will influence the ecological and social integrity of our world, as well as your personal life. You will vote, support political candidates, and serve on juries. You may lead major corporations or government agencies, or teach thousands of students. You will decide whether or not to use herbal supplements, consume genetically modified foods, favor organically grown products, harvest wild pants or mushrooms, recycle wastes, purchase energy-efficient vehicles and appliances, select natural fiber clothing, plant gardens or woodlands, or support conservation organizations. A basic knowledge of biology—biological literacy—will provide invaluable background as you make these important decisions.

The study of plant biology is an exciting way to learn many fundamental and useful concepts in biology. Who can deny the appeal of beautiful flowers or breathtaking forested landscapes? While exploring the fascinating world of plants in your course, you will learn that plant biology is more than learning the names of plants and their parts. Plant Biology is also a study of how and why plants are so important in the world. The focus on the function of plants will help you understand that plant biology is key to many newsworthy issues and has many practical applications. This textbook is designed to aid your discovery by focusing on the biological concepts that every educated citizen should know in order to make well-informed decisions that will affect us all.

Plant biology is so important to human life that a vast amount of information has accumulated as the result of scientific discovery. In thistextbook we have selected topics for their importance in conveying basic biological concepts, as well as their relevance to human life and issues frequently covered by news media. We provide examples of the scientific process in action, so that you will gain insight into the ways in which plant biologists make discoveries. You will thereby learn how we know the information presented in this textbook.

We hope that you will enjoy your studies of plants as much as we have. Please feel free to let us know what you think about this textbook and if you have ideas for improvement. You can reach us through the Feedback section of the Companion Website that accompanies your text at http://www.prenhall.com/plantbio/. To the instructor

Our increasingly technological society requires citizens who have( been educated in basic science process and biology, because these serve as a basis for making rational decisions in many critical areas. Non-science majors make up at least two-thirds of college student populations. Accordingly, college academic offerings typically provide science and biology courses that include, or are designed specifically for, nonmajors.

Increasing the level of scientific and biological literacy among introductory students is certainly one of the most important instructional contributions we make, but achieving a high level off student involvement can be a challenge. Plants offer a particularly inviting way to impart biological and scientific literacy because: plants are intrinsically attractive. Students are often very interested in plants as sources of useful materials and as components off familiar and exotic ecosystems. In writing Plant Biology, our principal goal has been to foster biological and scientific literacy., We work toward this by focusing on the function of plants in the' world. Linking important concepts to student interests and issues that appear in the news media, and by providing many attractive, relevant, and compelling examples helps us achieve this goal. We also endeavor to promote student awareness of humans' evolutionary and ecological relationships with other life on Earth, in an effort to cultivate environmental ethics. Biological and scientific literacy—central themes

Three central themes—global ecology, evolution, and DNA science—that are essential to biological literacy and relevant to everyday issues form this text's focal points. A chapter is devoted to each of these important themes. In addition, they are integrated throughout the text, marked by icons to aid student recognition.

• Evolution
• Ecology
• DNA Science

Book organization

A central core of chapters covers familiar territory—plant structure, reproduction, and evolution (Part 3). The message of this central core is that "plant biology is not only exciting but also useful." You may want to precede this core material with a group of three introductory chapters that focus on human relationships with plants and on naming plants (Part 1). The next series of chapters (Part 2) covers fundamental aspects of biological molecules, cells, and microbes associated with plants, with many examples of applications to plant and animal life. These introductory chapters transmit the message that "learning basic biology is worthwhile."

A final group of chapters (Part 4) explores the lives of plants within their environments—the biomes. The biome chapters are designed to appeal to students' interests while at the same time reinforcing biochemical, cellular, metabolic, structural, genetic, and evolutionary concepts presented earlier in the text. For example, Chapter 27—Grasslands—includes a description of grass fruits and seeds that will reinforce concepts of pollination and dispersal (Chapter 22), general fruit structure and function (Chapter 21), and hormone function during seed germination (Chapter 12). Plant diversity, introduced in Chapter 1 and presented again in an evolutionary context in Chapter 20, is revisited as the ecological roles of bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms are emphasized in the biome chapters. The biome chapters also provide an opportunity for richer discussions of environmental issues than are present in other introductory plant biology texts. This is a particular advantage for non-science majors, who may take few or no other biology, ecology, or environmental science courses. In the biome chapters, we hope to convey the message that "understanding plants and their interactions with other organisms and the physical world will help to sustain ourselves and future generations." Building relevance—chapter organization

To emphasize the significance of the material and to stimulate student interest, each chapter opens with a short list of key concepts that will be addressed in the chapter and an introductory story. The story links the key concepts to a familiar facet of everyday experience or human interest. For example, a plant identification mistake that caused serious human illness is the subject of the opening story for Chapter 3, Naming and Organizing Plants, and Chapter 19—Biological Evolution—opens with a description of Charles Darwin's concerns as a college student and how those influenced his epochal journey on HMS Beagle. The text includes many other examples of plant scientists and their discoveries, because these examples illuminate the process of science, and provide the means for students to search library databases and websites for additional information. Key concepts and opening stories illustrate why it is important for educated people to know something about the topics covered in this book. Applying botany—essays and examples

Each chapter also includes one or more essays that provide examples of how humans apply basic biological information. "The Botany of Beer (p. 128)," "Heavy-Metal Plants (p. 108)," "Supermarket Botany (p. 190)," and "Restoring a Lost Forest (p. 482)." are examples of timely essay topics that will engage and motivate your students. Supporting learning

Once students are engaged, we then provide them with the necessary support to learn the concepts. Important concepts are revisited in multiple contexts to aid retention of knowledge. For example, in separate chapters students will learn about the importance of protein-rich legume food crops (p. 18), the role of nitrogen in plant growth and DNA structure (DNA Science, p. 6. the benefits of nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with legume roots (p. 87), the role of roots in nitrogen absorption (p. 23. global nitrogen cycling and the ecological impact of excess nitrogen-compounds in aquatic systems (Global Ecology, p. 420), insectivory as an evolutionary adaptation to low soil nitrogen content (Evolution, p. 253), and how knowledge about the relationship between plants and nitrogen can be used to reduce environmental degradation (p. 493).

The art program has also been carefully crafted to attr2 and keep student interest and aid learning. The art program which includes hundreds of original photos and illustrations exceptionally high quality, was developed by one of us (Wilcox) as the text was written. The art is thus tightly integrated with the text. Illustrations were designed to increase comprehension among students having little science or biology background by stepping them through complex processes and highlighting relevant details.

Key terms and the names of famous scientists who are linked to important discoveries are set in boldface type. These terms and names will help your students search libraries and the World Wide Web for more information. Netsearch is a tool on the Companion Website designed to help students conduct their searches. End-of-chapter highlights provide useful summaries, and questions at each chapter's end are designed to help you evaluate you students' mastery of the material. Supplements

Our goal of developing biological and scientific literacy extend to the supplements. To support the instructor and to enhance the students' learning experience, we have developed a robust set a supplemental materials. For the instructor

Instructor's Resource CD-ROM (0130090891). The Instructor's Resource CD-ROM (IRCD) collects all of the instructor supplements in one place. The IRCD includes

• Files (jpeg) of all figures in the text in both labeled and un-labeled formats
• Animations and videos
• PowerPoint^™ presentations
• Test Item file questions in Word format
• Full text of the Instructor's Manual

Instructor's Manual (0130090808). The instructor's manual for Plant Biology provides instructors with over 60 class tested lecture activities. Each activity includes clear instructions for how to do the activities, a listing of materials needed, handouts and overhead masters if needed, and further assessment ideas based on the activity. Chapter outlines, links to online audiovisual resources, and links to sites on teaching with technology are also included.

Test Item File (0130090913). The printed Test Item File contains over 750 questions. An electronic version of the questions is available on the Instructor's Resource CD-ROM.

Overhead transparencies (0130090883). Over 200 four-color acetates of key figures and concepts. For the student

Student Lecture Notebook and Study Guide (0130090964). To help your students focus on the lecture, and not on drawing complex figures, key figures from the textbook are included in the student lecture notebook, along with space for notes. This text also includes self-study questions and chapter outlines.

Companion Website http://www.prenhall.com/plantbio/ — The Plant Biology Companion Website provides students with a host of learning activities, including

• Chapter Outline
• Internet Links
• Botany Today. Case studies of important issues relevant to botany, with internet based research activities.
• Activities. Animations help students visualize and study key concepts.
• Self-Test. Tests student knowledge and provides extensive coaching for further study.
• Net Search. Helps students find additional online re sources relevant to chapter concepts and content.

Because we are intensely interested in reaching and stimulating students, we invite you to send us your comments. Please visit the Companion Website at http://www.prenhall.com/plantbio/.

Linda Graham
Jim Graham
Lee Wilcox

Editorial Reviews

To foster biological and scientific literacy, the U. of Wisconsin editors denote the central themes of evolution, ecology, and DNA science with icons. With numerous color illustrations of exceptional quality for a textbook, chapters cover introductory concepts of plants and plant-essential microbes; the molecular basis of life; plant structure, diversity, and reproduction (including genetic engineering); and plant diversity as it relates to environmental and human sustainability. Chapters include essays, review questions, and concept application exercises. Appendices include a geological timeline, answer key, and glossary. A companion website is available. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR