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Plug-in electric vehicles are coming. Major automakers plan to commercialize their first models soon, while Israel and Denmark have ambitious plans to electrify large portions of their vehicle fleets. No technology has greater potential to end the United States' crippling dependence on oil, which leaves the nation vulnerable to price shocks, supply disruptions, environmental degradation, and national security threats including terrorism. What does the future hold for this critical technology, and what should the U.S. government do to promote it?
Hybrid vehicles now number more than one million on America's roads, and they are in high demand from consumers. The next major technological step is the plug-in electric vehicle. It combines an internal combustion engine and electric motor, just as hybrids do. But unlike their precursors, PEVs can be recharged from standard electric outlets, meaning the vehicles would no longer be dependent on oil. Widespread growth in the use of PEVs would dramatically reduce oil dependence, cut driving costs and reduce pollution from vehicles. National security would be enhanced, as reduced oil dependence decreases the leverage and resources of petroleum exporters.
Brookings fellow David Sandalow heads up an authoritative team of experts including former government officials, private-sector analysts, academic experts, and nongovernmental advocates. Together they explain the current landscape for PEVs: the technology, the economics, and the implications for national security and the environment. They examine how the national interest could be served by federal promotion and investment in PEVs. For example, can tax or procurement policy advance the cause of PEVs? Should the public sector contribute to greater research and development? Should the government insist on PEVs to replenish its huge fleet of official vehicles?
Plug-in electric vehicles are coming. But how soon, in what numbers, and to what effect? Federal policies in the years ahead will go a long way toward answering those questions. David Sandalow and his colleagues examine what could be done in that regard, as well as what should be done.
Foreword Strobe Talbott Talbott, Strobe
Commentary Dan Reicher Reicher, Dan
Introduction David Sandalow Sandalow, David 1
Pt. 1 Benefits
1 Geopolitical Implications of Plug-in Vehicles R. James Woolsey Woolsey, R. James Chelsea Sexton Sexton, Chelsea 11
2 Electrification of Transport and Oil Displacement: How Plug-Ins Could Lead to a 50 Percent Reduction in U.S. Demand for Oil Saurin D. Shah Shah, Saurin D. 22
3 Pluggable Cars: A Key Component of a Low-Carbon Transportation Future Deron Lovaas Lovaas, Deron Luke Tonachel Tonachel, Luke 45
4 The Cash Back Car Jon Wellinghoff Wellinghoff, Jon 65
Pt. 2 Barriers
5 The Impact of Plug-In Hybrids on U.S. Oil Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Alan L. Madian Madian, Alan L. Lisa A. Walsh Walsh, Lisa A. Kim D. Simpkins Simpkins, Kim D. 89
6 Look Before You Leap: Exploring the Implications of Advanced Vehicles for Import Dependence and Passenger Safety Irving Mintzer Mintzer, Irving 107
Pt. 3 Policies
7 Current Federal Authorized Programs on Plug-In Hybrids, Battery Electric Vehicles, and Related Efforts Dean Taylor Taylor, Dean 133
8 Tax Credits for Electric Cars: Stimulating Demand through the Tax Code Benjamin H. Harris Harris, Benjamin H. 156
9 Cost-Effectiveness of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions from Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Daniel M. Kammen Kammen, Daniel M. Samuel M. Arons Arons, Samuel M. Derek M. Lemoine Lemoine, Derek M. Holmes Hummel Hummel, Holmes 170
10 Federal Policy Options to Support Early Electric Vehicle Deployment by Reducing Financial and Technological Risks Bracken Hendricks Hendricks, Bracken Benjamin Goldstein Goldstein, Benjamin 192
11 Electric Vehicles: How Do WeGet Millions on the Road? Tom Z. Collina Collina, Tom Z. Ron Zucker Zucker, Ron 208
12 Electric Utility Issues in Replacing Oil with Electricity in Transportation Steve Marshall Marshall, Steve 223
13 Promoting Use of Plug-In Electric Vehicles through Utility Industry Acquisition and Leasing of Batteries Peter Fox-Penner Fox-Penner, Peter Dean Murphy Murphy, Dean Mariko Geronimo Geronimo, Mariko Matthew McCaffree McCaffree, Matthew 240
Contributors 249
Index 251
Anonymous
Posted September 15, 2012
ALL ORGANIZED AMD READY
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Anonymous
Posted August 30, 2012
Shiny gold dress robes and 2 regular robes. Also 3 witches hats.
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Posted August 16, 2012
Bright blue, strapless, floor-length, empire waist, rose on side, need by tomorrow for Yule Ball.
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Posted September 12, 2012
Robes for ravenclaw and slytherin.
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Posted August 5, 2012
Gets a knee length turquoise dress with no straps. It started black at the bottom then got lighter to the top. Black high heels. 'This will go perfectly with the crystal necklace i have' she thought.
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Posted September 5, 2012
Sorry i havent been here in a while whens the yule ball?
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Posted September 6, 2012
Walks in. I need my griffindor robes for hogwarts. Thank u.
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Posted July 25, 2012
ONE 5' 6" DRESS ROBE
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Posted September 30, 2012
Walks in with her back arched slytherin robes please she croaks
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Overview
Plug-in electric vehicles are coming. Major automakers plan to commercialize their first models soon, while Israel and Denmark have ambitious plans to electrify large portions of their vehicle fleets. No technology has greater potential to end the United States' crippling dependence on oil, which leaves the nation vulnerable to price shocks, supply disruptions, environmental degradation, and national security threats including terrorism. What does the future hold for this critical technology, and what should the ...