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| 1 | Introduction | 15 |
| 2 | The rise and decline of the Spice Islands | 21 |
| 3 | The plume trade: the demands of Asian traders and the first birds of paradise to reach Europe | 49 |
| 4 | The plume trade: the demands of natural historians | 73 |
| 5 | The plume trade: the demands of fashion-conscious European women and the growth of the conservation movement | 83 |
| 6 | Sultans, suzerains and the colonial division of New Guinea | 109 |
| 7 | Collecting and trading in the Raja Empat Islands, the Bird's Head and Cendrawasih Bay | 121 |
| 8 | The massoy, trepang and plume trade of Onin, Kowiai and Mimika (Southwest New Guinea) | 133 |
| 9 | Trade with the Aru Islands and Trans Fly coast of New Guinea | 153 |
| 10 | Copra, birds and profits in the Merauke region | 175 |
| 11 | Bronzes and plume hunting in the Jayapura (Hollandia) region | 205 |
| 12 | Plumes fund economic development in Kaiser Wilhelmsland | 219 |
| 13 | Conservationists protect Papua's birds | 263 |
| 14 | Trade cycles in outer Southeast Asia and their impact on New Guinea until 1920 | 269 |
| Mysteries of Origin: Early traders and heroes in the Trans Fly | 285 | |
| Oral traditions about early trade by Indonesians in southwest Papua New Guinea | 299 | |
| Bibliography | 308 | |
| Index | 334 |
Overview
This wide-ranging study adds an important and exciting new dimension to the story of the outside world's long involvement with the terrestrial and marine products of outer Southeast Asia - spices, aromatic woods and barks, resins, plumes, sea slugs, shells and pearls - and of the economic, political, social and cultural consequences for the region's inhabitants. The new dimension is New Guinea, which contributed modestly to the region's resources overall but dominated in respect of birds of paradise. The plumes provide the connecting thread as the complex economic and political processes of the past 400 years are described which brought outsiders more widely and intensively into the orbit of the people inhabiting the