Pluralism and Freedom: Faith-Based Organizations in a Democratic Society

by Stephen V. Monsma The Henry Institute of Calvin College

Overview

Faith-based organizations play a major role in providing a host of health, educational, and social services to the public. Nearly all these efforts, however, have been accompanied by intense debate and numerous legal challenges. The right of faith-based organizations to hire based on religion, the presence of religious symbols and icons in rooms where government-subsidized services are provided, and the enforcement of gay civil rights to which some faith-based organizations object all continue to be subjects of intense debate and numerous court cases. In Pluralism and Freedom, Stephen V. Monsma explores the question of how much autonomy should faith-based organizations retain when they enter the public realm? He contends that pluralism and freedom demand their religious freedom be respected, but that freedom of all religious traditions and of the general public and secular groups be equally respected, ideals that neither the left nor the right live up to. In response, Monsma argues that democratic pluralism requires a genuine, authentic—but also a limited—autonomy for faith-based organizations providing public services, and offers practical, concrete public policy applications of this framework in practice.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781442214323
Publisher:	Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
Publication date:	12/16/2011
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	238
File size:	609 KB

About the Author

Stephen V. Monsma is a senior research fellow at the Henry Institute at Calvin College and professor of political science emeritus at Pepperdine University. He is the author of numerous works for faith-based organizations and church and state relations, including Faith, Hope, and Jobs and Putting Faith in Partnerships.

Table of Contents

Preface
Chapter 1: The Issue that Will Not Go Away
Diversity, Pluralism, and Autonomy
Two Sets of Questions
A Conflict of Theoretical Concepts
The Plan of the Book
Chapter 2: Faith-Based Organizations and the Network of Human Services
Faith-Based Organizations in the Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector
International Emergency Relief and Long-Term Development
Faith-Based Organizations in International Relief and Development
The Added Value of Faith-Based and Other Nongovernmental Organizations.
The Role of Faith in Faith-Based Organizations.
Adoption and Foster Care Services
Faith-Based Organizations in Adoption and Foster Care Services
The Added Value of Faith-Based Organizations.
The Role of Faith in Faith-Based Organizations.
The Michigan Prisoner Reentry Initiative (MPRI)
Faith-Based Organizations in the MPRI.
The Added Value of Faith-Based Organizations
The Role of Faith in Faith-Based Organizations.
Conclusions
Chapter 3: The Seedbeds of Attitudes towards Faith-Based Organizations
The Liberal Enlightenment, the Founding Era, and the Young Nation
The Eighteenth Century Enlightenment in Europe
The Eighteenth Century Enlightenment and the American Founders
Religion in the Founding Era and the Young Nation
The Legacy of the Founding Era and the Young Nation
The Supreme Court, Church-State Relations, and Faith-Based Organizations
The Strict Separation, No-Aid-to-Religion Standard
The Equal Treatment, Neutrality Standard
The Accommodationist Standard
The Continuing Strength of the Strict Separation, No-Aid-to-Religion Standard
The Inadequacy of the Strict Separation, No-Aid-to-Religion Standard
The Supreme Court and Freedom of Association
Summary
Nondiscrimination Measures and Faith-Based Organizations
The 1960s Nondiscrimination Civil Rights Laws
The Legacy of Nondiscrimination Laws
Conclusions
Chapter 4: The Partisan-Political Landscape Today
Faith-Based Organizations and the Left
The Left’s Mindset towards Faith-Based Organizations in the Public Realm
Applications of the Left’s Mindset towards Faith-Based Organizations in the Public Realm
Faith-Based Organizations and the Right
The Right’s Mindset towards Faith-Based Organizations in the Public Realm
Applications of the Right’s Mindset towards Faith-Based Organizations in the Public Realm
Chapter 5: Structural Pluralism in Christian Democratic Thought
Religious Freedom in the Context of Church-State Separation
Structural Pluralism and Christian Democracy
Origins in Nineteenth Century Events and Political Currents
Personalism
The Pluralism of Structural Pluralism
Subsidiarity in Roman Catholic Social Thought.
Sphere Sovereignty in Dutch neo-Calvinist Thought.
Common Ground between Catholics and Protestants:
Contemporary Structural Pluralism
Structural Pluralism and the American Polity.
Chapter 6: Faith-Based Organizations a Pluralistic Public Square: Applications
Three Basic Perspectives
A Respect for Religion and Its Role in the Public Policy World
Faith-Based Organizations Possess Religious Freedom and Autonomy Rights
Substantive Religious Neutrality as the Key to Freedom of Religion
Specific Issues: Government Funds and Religious Hiring Rights
Structural Pluralism’s Answer
Objections to the Structural Pluralist Position
Specific Issues: Religious Elements in Government Subsidized Services
Structural Pluralism’s Answer
Objections to the Structural Pluralist Position
Specific Issues: Nondiscrimination and Hiring and Membership Standards
Structural Pluralism’s Answer
Objections to the Structural Pluralist Position
Specific Issues: Requiring Faith-Based Organizations to Provide Services They Find Religiously Objectionable
Structural Pluralism’s Answer
Objections to the Structural Pluralist Position
Bibliography

What People are Saying About This

Stanley Carlson-Thies

Our society counts on flourishing faith-based service organizations. However, the religious freedom—the autonomy—they need in order to play their important roles is not so well understood. Stephen V. Monsma’s path-breaking book identifies key issues and controversies and recommends policies that will enable these vital groups to continue to make their uncommon contributions to our common good.

Editorial Reviews

The book provides resources such as Supreme Court decisions and information on constitutional interpretations of religious freedom that will be useful for readers of any political background....the assembly of primary sources will be useful for readers from all parts of the political spectrum.

Conscience Renï

In his previous seminal contribution Positive Neutrality: Letting Religious Freedom Ring, Stephen Monsma helped to establish the legal and philosophical grounding of today's much-debated "faith-based initiatives." With Pluralism and Freedom: Faith Based Organizations in a Democratic Society, Monsma has advanced the debate again by probing the conflicting "liberal" and "pluralist" understandings of religion and religious communities at the heart of the constitutional and political struggle over the public role of faith-based organizations. Carefully and sympathetically, Monsma defines a reasonable policy balance between these conflicting worldviews, moving today's relatively more accommodating church-state framework one step closer toward consensus.

Lew Daly

The book provides resources such as Supreme Court decisions and information on constitutional interpretations of religious freedom that will be useful for readers of any political background....the assembly of primary sources will be useful for readers from all parts of the political spectrum.

Conscience Magazine

Our society counts on flourishing faith-based service organizations. However, the religious freedom—the autonomy—they need in order to play their important roles is not so well understood. Steve Monsma's path-breaking book identifies key issues and controversies and recommends policies that will enable these vital groups to continue to make their uncommon contributions to our common good.

Stanley Carlson-Thies

Monsma's recent book Pluralism and Freedom: Faith-Based Organizations in a Democratic Society, examines the challenges confronting faith-based services that are funded by the United States government. . . . His work complements a growing body of existing research that explores church-state responses in conditions of diversity across the United States, Europe and other parts of the world. Monsma's work will be of interest to those scholars who closely follow religion and politics issues and church-state issues literature. ... The book successfully describes the challenges of protecting religious freedom for all. The idea that an overarching framework or standard can be developed to safeguard the freedom of persons and organisations of all religions is laudable and worthy. . . . The book marks a fresh direction for church-state research.

Journal Of Social Policy

Few scholars have thought harder or more productively than Steve Monsma about the role of faith-based organizations in our pluralistic democracy. Pluralism and Freedom brilliantly reflects his years of research and philosophical probing. Many conservatives will find his ideas attractive, but I especially recommend his book to liberals who may well disagree with him, but will find themselves challenged by Monsma’s compassionate heart and searching mind.

E J. Dionne

The book provides resources such as Supreme Court decisions and information on constitutional interpretations of religious freedom that will be useful for readers of any political background....the assembly of primary sources will be useful for readers from all parts of the political spectrum.

Conscience

Few scholars have thought harder or more productively than Steve Monsma about the role of faith-based organizations in our pluralistic democracy. Pluralism and Freedom brilliantly reflects his years of research and philosophical probing. Many conservatives will find his ideas attractive, but I especially recommend his book to liberals who may well disagree with him, but will find themselves challenged by Monsma’s compassionate heart and searching mind.

E. J. Dionne Jr.

In this book Monsma (emer., Pepperdine Univ.) examines the contentious issue of the proper place of faith-based organizations (FB's) in the public square in the US through the important lenses of freedom, pluralism, tolerance, and diversity. In particular, Monsma wants to determine how much religious autonomy FB's should legally retain when entering into the public sphere, and how much religious diversity and pluralism should be willingly accepted in the public realm. Monsma correctly asserts that answering these questions is crucial given the large role that FB's play in critical areas of US public life, and also convincingly argues that current thinking across the ideological spectrum is of little use in providing usable answers. In his attempt to address this dilemma, Monsma turns to western Europe, specifically to the Roman Catholic teaching of subsidiarity, the neo-Calvinist idea of sphere sovereignty, and the tradition of Christian Democracy to flesh out a solution he labels structural pluralism. Structural pluralism reserves an important place in the public realm for all intermediary institutions, religious and nonreligious alike. All will not agree with Monsma's take here, but all will benefit from considering his ideas. Summing Up: Highly recommended.

Choice Reviews

Monsma's recent book Pluralism and Freedom: Faith-Based Organizations in a Democratic Society, examines the challenges confronting faith-based services that are funded by the United States government.. .. His work complements a growing body of existing research that explores church-state responses in conditions of diversity across the United States, Europe and other parts of the world. Monsma's work will be of interest to those scholars who closely follow religion and politics issues and church-state issues literature. ... The book successfully describes the challenges of protecting religious freedom for all. The idea that an overarching framework or standard can be developed to safeguard the freedom of persons and organisations of all religions is laudable and worthy.. .. The book marks a fresh direction for church-state research.

Journal of Social Policy

Monsma is the dean of scholars who study religion and politics in America. You don't need to agree with all or even most of his policy-relevant conclusions to marvel at the deep erudition, moral balance, and civic spirit that inform each and every page of Pluralism and Freedom. And you can't claim to have a truly informed and considered opinion on the most controversial church-state issues of our day unless you have read this latest gem of a book by Monsma.

John J. DiIulio

In Pluralism and Freedom: Faith-Based Organizations in a Democratic Society, Monsma looks beyond our borders for a fresh perspective on this most contentious issue.

Christianity Today

In this book Monsma (emer., Pepperdine Univ.) examines the contentious issue of the proper place of faith-based organizations (FB's) in the public square in the US through the important lenses of freedom, pluralism, tolerance, and diversity. In particular, Monsma wants to determine how much religious autonomy FB's should legally retain when entering into the public sphere, and how much religious diversity and pluralism should be willingly accepted in the public realm. Monsma correctly asserts that answering these questions is crucial given the large role that FB's play in critical areas of US public life, and also convincingly argues that current thinking across the ideological spectrum is of little use in providing usable answers. In his attempt to address this dilemma, Monsma turns to western Europe, specifically to the Roman Catholic teaching of subsidiarity, the neo-Calvinist idea of sphere sovereignty, and the tradition of Christian Democracy to flesh out a solution he labels structural pluralism. Structural pluralism reserves an important place in the public realm for all intermediary institutions, religious and nonreligious alike. All will not agree with Monsma's take here, but all will benefit from considering his ideas. Summing Up: Highly recommended.

Choice

In this book Monsma (emer., Pepperdine Univ.) examines the contentious issue of the proper place of faith-based organizations (FB's) in the public square in the US through the important lenses of freedom, pluralism, tolerance, and diversity. In particular, Monsma wants to determine how much religious autonomy FB's should legally retain when entering into the public sphere, and how much religious diversity and pluralism should be willingly accepted in the public realm. Monsma correctly asserts that answering these questions is crucial given the large role that FB's play in critical areas of US public life, and also convincingly argues that current thinking across the ideological spectrum is of little use in providing usable answers. In his attempt to address this dilemma, Monsma turns to western Europe, specifically to the Roman Catholic teaching of subsidiarity, the neo-Calvinist idea of sphere sovereignty, and the tradition of Christian Democracy to flesh out a solution he labels structural pluralism. Structural pluralism reserves an important place in the public realm for all intermediary institutions, religious and nonreligious alike. All will not agree with Monsma's take here, but all will benefit from considering his ideas. Summing Up: Highly recommended.

CHOICE