The Power of Gold: The History of an Obsession
448The Power of Gold: The History of an Obsession
448Paperback(Reprint)
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Overview
This bestselling book reveals a record of human nature in the ubiquity of gold with a new foreword by Paul Volcker
In this exciting book, the late Peter L. Bernstein tells the story of history's most coveted, celebrated, and inglorious asset: gold. From the ancient fascinations of Moses and Midas through the modern convulsions caused by the gold standard and its aftermath, gold has led many of its most eager and proud possessors to a bad end. And while the same cycle of obsession and desperation may reverberate in today's fast-moving, electronically-driven markets, the role of gold in shaping human history is the striking feature of this tumultuous tale. Such is the power of gold.
Whether it is Egyptian pharaohs with depraved tastes, the luxury-mad survivors of the Black Death, the Chinese inventor of paper money, the pirates on the Spanish Main, or the hardnosed believers in the international gold standard, gold has been the supreme possession. It has been an icon for greed and an emblem of rectitude, as well as a vehicle for vanity and a badge of power that has shaped the destiny of humanity through the ages.
- Discusses the beginnings of gold as something with magical, religious, and artistic qualities and follows its trail as we progress to the invention of coinage, the transformation of gold into money, and the gold standard
- Other bestselling books by the late Peter Bernstein: Against the Gods, Capital Ideas, and Capital Ideas Evolving
- Contemplates gold from the diverse perspectives of monarchs and moneyers, potentates and politicians, men of legendary wealth and others of more plebeian beginnings
Far more than a tale of romantic myths, daring explorations, and the history of money and power struggles, The Power of Gold suggests that the true significance of this infamous element may lie in the timeless passions it continues to evoke, and what this reveals about ourselves.
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9781118270103 |
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Publisher: | Wiley |
Publication date: | 04/10/2012 |
Edition description: | Reprint |
Pages: | 448 |
Sales rank: | 632,273 |
Product dimensions: | 5.90(w) x 9.00(h) x 1.40(d) |
About the Author
Read an Excerpt
Table of Contents
Foreword ixAcknowledgments xiii
Prologue: The Supreme Possession 1
A Metal for All Seasons
1. Get Gold at All Hazards 9
2. Midas’s Wish and the Creatures of Pure Chance 18
3. Darius’s Bathtub and the Cackling of the Geese 38
4. The Symbol and the Faith 52
5. Gold, Salt, and the Blessed Town 66
6. The Legacy of Eoba, Babba, and Udd 74
7. The Great Chain Reaction 85
8. The Disintegrating Age and the Kings’ Ransoms 96
9. The Sacred Thirst 114
The Path to Triumph
10. The Fatal Poison and Private Money 135
11. The Asian Necropolis and Hien Tsung’s Inadvertent Innovation 158
12. The Great Recoinage and the Last of the Magicians 175
13. The True Doctrine and the Great Evil 198
14. The New Mistress and the Cursed Discovery 219
15. The Badge of Honor 239
16. The Most Stupendous Conspiracy and the Endless Chain 260
The Descent From Glory
17. The Norman Conquest 283
18. The End of the Epoch 306
19. The Transcending Value 328
20. World War Eight and the Thirty Ounces of Gold 346
Epilogue: The Supreme Possession? 367
Notes 373
Bibliography 397
Index 409
What People are Saying About This
This book is a noble treatment of the most noble of elements. The Power of Gold is a brilliant and unexpected tale of three thousand years of a metal as virtual reality.
(Steve Jones author, Darwin's Ghost: The Origin of Species Updated)
Hats off! We are in the presence of a master . . . to read with such delight in its manner as to pass too quickly over the subtlety of its understanding and the astonishing width and depth of Bernstein's knowledge.
(Roger G. Kennedy Director Emeritus, National Museum of American History)
If all the gold ever mined in the history of the world were collected in one place, it would weigh about 125,000 tons. That's not a whole lot, when you consider that people have been mining gold as long as there has been civilization (there are more than 400 references to gold in the Bible). Gold is not very plentiful (it costs a small fortune just to mine the stuff), it's incredibly heavy (a cubic foot weighs half a ton), and it's so soft that you can't do anything practical with it. How, then, did it get to be so darn popular? That's the question Bernstein addresses in this utterly fascinating book. Its not a history of gold itself-there are histories of banking for that, he tells us-but a chronicle of the power and the mystique of gold. What is it about human beings that makes us turn a useless, hard-to- come-by metal into the object of desire, into some- thing we wear, into a symbol of power and wealth? Is it our ability to make gold do anything we want that makes us do anything we can to get it? Never has there been a more enlightening, instructive, and entertaining look at the power of this most precious of metals.
"Bernstein...gives us a multifaceted depiction of the powerful pull gold has...his grasp on things financial...is firm, and he's admirably adept at explaining them."
New York Times Book Review
. . . a fascinating story . . . wittily written, and full of original insights . . . Peter Bernstein has once more written a brilliant book, both highly instructive and entertaining.
(Pierre Keller former senior partner, Lombard Odier & Cie, Geneva)
Admirably written . . . a wonderfully interesting viewnot alone of gold but of the greater economic history. Like other of his work, it is assured of a wide readership.
(John Kenneth Galbraith Professor of Economics Emeritus, Harvard University)
The story of gold-in all its splendor and mythology, its fascination for individuals and nations alike. . . . Peter Bernstein is up to the challenge. His spritely exposition is a fine read even as it makes us think and reflect.
(Paul A. Volcker, Former Chairman of the Federal Reserve)
Interviews
Exclusive Author Essay
Gold: The Passionate Journey
by Peter L. Bernstein
Ask somebody today how they feel about gold, and the response is likely to be a yawn. In 1996, when a friend suggested that I should write a book about gold, I also reacted with a yawn. Why, I asked myself, should I spend my efforts on an asset so obsolete that even the Swiss National Bank and the Bank of England want to liquidate their holdings of it? But then I recalled it was not always thus, even in our own time. Quite the contrary.
When the gold panic climaxed in January 1980 at $850 an ounce, gold was so triumphant that the value of all the monetary gold in the world exceeded the value of all the stocks listed on the New York Stock Exchange. During the 15 years or so of economic darkness that led up to that crazy moment, politicians and central bankers appeared helpless before the onslaught of worldwide inflation, spurring more and more people to act on the old proverb, "We have gold because we cannot trust governments." Indeed, gold is unique as the only stateless money, for it is issued by no government. The cynical gold bugs were shouting that gold was the sole hedge against inflation, the gnomes of Zurich were relentlessly attacking the dollar, and President de Gaulle of France was exploiting gold -- "gold that never changes...that is eternally and universally accepted," as he put it -- to bring the United States of America to its knees before him.
That was my vivid memory about gold, and it was enough to convince me that this was a project worth pursuing. History as dramatic as this always contains valuable lessons for the present. As I pursued my research into the more distant past, however, I discovered that the story of gold was far bigger than the awful events of the recent past. Throughout history, people have become intoxicated, obsessed, haunted, humbled, and exalted over these gleaming but basically useless pieces of metal.
When the Greek poet Pindar in the 5th century B.C. described gold as "a child of Zeus, neither moth or rust devoureth it, but the mind of man is devoured by this supreme possession," he set forth the whole story in one sentence. From Egyptian pharaohs with depraved tastes to the luxury-mad survivors of the Black Death, from the Chinese inventor of paper money to the pirates on the Spanish Main, and most especially the hard-nosed believers in the international gold standard like the inscrutable Montagu Norman of the Bank of England, gold was the supreme possession.
The history of gold is in fact the history of the world as seen through the prism of this strange stuff. Over some 5,000 years, gold has motivated entire societies, torn economies to shreds, and determined the fate of governments. Gold has stirred the passion for power and glory, for beauty and security, and even for immortality. It has been an icon for greed and an emblem for rectitude, as well as a vehicle for vanity and a badge of power that shaped the destiny of humanity through the ages. No other object has commanded so much veneration over so long a period of time. Even Jehovah, according to the Book of Genesis, instructed Moses to build a tabernacle of "pure gold" in his honor.
Something that powerful deserves a lot more than a yawn.
I began The Power of Gold with an anecdote recounted by the famous Victorian art critic, John Ruskin, who tells of a man who boarded a ship carrying his entire wealth in a large bag of gold coins. When a terrible storm comes up and the order goes out to abandon ship, this man grabs his gold, jumps overboard, and promptly sinks to the bottom of the ocean. Ruskin asks, "Had he the gold, or had the gold him?" The gold had the greedy fools who paid $850 for it in January 1980, all right, but that was just one example. The big theme that runs through this history is that gold, in almost every case, shows how not to lead your personal life and how not to manage a nation's financial affairs.
Along the way to that conclusion, we meet a wide variety of colorful, admirable, hateful, pathetic, and appealing characters, all driven by the passion for gold. Early in the story, we meet Midas, whose life was a lot more interesting than the familiar fable would have it, as well as Croesus, who was in reality as rich as the Croesus of legend but not as lucky with his golden wealth as he wanted to believe. The Roman speculator Crassus was murdered by having molten gold poured down his throat, and that is just one of the bloody episodes in this history. We encounter Byzantine emperors with absolute power but obsessed by hoarding gold, as well as humble miners with no choice but to exhaust their lives by extracting it from the earth. Radical innovations in the art of transportation -- including the camel -- carried the gold from far lands into Europe. Indeed, the great explorations of the 15th century, from Africa to Asia to the New World, were primarily inspired by the unquenchable thirst for gold. Francisco Pizarro, the conqueror of the Incas of Peru, exhibited a cruelty as extraordinary as his courage and leadership, but Spain failed in spectacular fashion to capitalize on the fabulous golden wealth that Pizarro and the other conquistadores shed so much Indian blood to acquire in America. Charlemagne and Charles de Gaulle both tried to make their mark in history by accumulating gold, although Charlemagne at least launched the beautiful art of illustrated manuscripts in Europe. Richard I (the Lionhearted) was ransomed from captivity in 1192 with the largest pile of gold ever accumulated up to that moment, but the other Richard in our story -- Richard Nixon -- was the man who had the courage in 1971 to cut the umbilical cord linking the U.S. dollar to the gold standard. Asian monarchs and Arab potentates shaped their policies in relation to their stocks of gold, while Isaac Newton and Winston Churchill both tried their best to understand it and place a value upon it. The great English economist David Ricardo revered gold; the equally great English economist John Maynard Keynes considered it a barbarous relic. The Forty-niners set an example of impatient greed that was later emulated by the speculators who pushed gold to $850 an ounce in 1980. The managers of the gold standard in the 1920s and 1930s led the world into a series of disasters that read like a horror movie you watch incredulously even though you know the finale. Can you believe that doubling interest rates and slashing government spending amid a sea of bank failures and astronomical levels of unemployment was the standard method for conducting monetary and fiscal policy in those days?
In the end, the story is a morality tale. I was motivated to look into this matter at the vary beginning by the recollection of how much I hated those goldbugs of the 1960s and 1970s -- including General de Gaulle. Their obsession with gold was the rejection of everything good that organized society stands for and is capable of accomplishing. The Golden Calf that Moses found his people worshipping was the cause of the greatest temper tantrum in history, and rightly so. Anything that favors hoarding over sharing degrades morality and concern for others. The pursuit of eternity will not be satisfied by gold, or by anything else we choose to replace gold -- and that includes the stock market. Gold (or its proxies) as an end in itself is meaningless. Hoarding does not create wealth. Gold makes sense only as a means to an end: to beautify, to adorn, to exchange for what we want and need.