Prescription Drugs: A Reference Handbook
Prescription drugs are a basic and invaluable part of society today, but there is debate surrounding the methods of testing new drugs, the possible misuse of prescription drugs, and the economics of drug production and use.

This book examines the evolution of prescription drugs in the United States, as well as the formation of the pharmaceutical industry. It begins with a history of prescription drugs, dating back to their origins, then moves through the Industrial Revolution and into the present day. It also delves into the issues and controversies related to prescription drugs, such as drug costs, regulations, prescription drug abuse, insurance complications, and more. Both implemented and proposed solutions are also discussed. One of the most valuable aspects of the book is that it surveys the history of prescription drugs in a manner that helps the reader identify key issues in an easy-to-understand fashion. Finally, the perspectives chapter allows a broad range of voices to be heard, allowing crucial, diverse perspectives to round out the author's expertise.

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Prescription Drugs: A Reference Handbook
Prescription drugs are a basic and invaluable part of society today, but there is debate surrounding the methods of testing new drugs, the possible misuse of prescription drugs, and the economics of drug production and use.

This book examines the evolution of prescription drugs in the United States, as well as the formation of the pharmaceutical industry. It begins with a history of prescription drugs, dating back to their origins, then moves through the Industrial Revolution and into the present day. It also delves into the issues and controversies related to prescription drugs, such as drug costs, regulations, prescription drug abuse, insurance complications, and more. Both implemented and proposed solutions are also discussed. One of the most valuable aspects of the book is that it surveys the history of prescription drugs in a manner that helps the reader identify key issues in an easy-to-understand fashion. Finally, the perspectives chapter allows a broad range of voices to be heard, allowing crucial, diverse perspectives to round out the author's expertise.

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Prescription Drugs: A Reference Handbook

Prescription Drugs: A Reference Handbook

by David E. Newton
Prescription Drugs: A Reference Handbook

Prescription Drugs: A Reference Handbook

by David E. Newton

Hardcover

$65.00 
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Overview

Prescription drugs are a basic and invaluable part of society today, but there is debate surrounding the methods of testing new drugs, the possible misuse of prescription drugs, and the economics of drug production and use.

This book examines the evolution of prescription drugs in the United States, as well as the formation of the pharmaceutical industry. It begins with a history of prescription drugs, dating back to their origins, then moves through the Industrial Revolution and into the present day. It also delves into the issues and controversies related to prescription drugs, such as drug costs, regulations, prescription drug abuse, insurance complications, and more. Both implemented and proposed solutions are also discussed. One of the most valuable aspects of the book is that it surveys the history of prescription drugs in a manner that helps the reader identify key issues in an easy-to-understand fashion. Finally, the perspectives chapter allows a broad range of voices to be heard, allowing crucial, diverse perspectives to round out the author's expertise.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781440877728
Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic
Publication date: 11/12/2021
Series: Contemporary World Issues
Pages: 360
Product dimensions: 6.35(w) x 9.25(h) x 1.25(d)

About the Author

David E. Newton is the author of more than 400 textbooks, encyclopedias, workbooks, and other educational materials, primarily in the field of science and math.

Table of Contents

Preface xiii

1 Background and History 3

Drug Basics 4

Drug Sources 5

Drug Types 6

Drug Nomenclature 11

The Drug Approval Process 12

Preclinical Testing 13

Clinical Testing 14

FDA Approval 17

Unapproved Drugs 18

Orphan Drugs 20

Prescription Drugs in History 21

The History of Pharmaceutics 22

Narcotics 24

Opiates 27

Semi-Synthetic Opioids 29

Synthetic Opioids 32

Monitoring of Drug Use 34

Conclusion 40

References 41

2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions 53

Testing New Drugs 53

Animal Experimentation 53

Human Experimentation 56

Testing Biases 59

Reforming Drug Trial Inequities 63

Prescription Drug Abuse 67

Types of Prescription Drugs of Abuse 69

Stimulants 69

CNS Depressants 71

Opioids 73

The Cost of Prescription Drugs 84

The Data 86

Causes 90

Corporate Expenses and Profits 90

Other Causes 95

Possible Solutions 97

Conclusion 104

References 105

3 Perspectives 123

Introduction 123

The Cork Board Kyle Citrin Clay Knibbs Carter Soboleski 123

Climate Change and Prescription Drugs: The Impacts of Increased Temperature on Public Health Shel Evergreen 127

Drug Discovery: A Twentieth-Century Story of Scientific Curiosity, Persistence, and Creative Guesswork Margaret Willig Crane 130

Will Naloxone Become a Real "Superhero"? Randolph Fillmore 134

Drugs and the Professional Bodybuilder Kenzie Gauck 139

The Significance of Statistics Joel Grossman 143

Prescription Drug Ads That Target Consumers Phill Jones 149

The Human Brain Maia Pujara 153

The Second-Best Time Thomm Quackenbush 157

Sick Full Time Marissa Quenqua 160

The Drug Supply Chain and the United States Bob Roehr 164

Can Information Technology Help Curb Prescription Drug Abuse? Jeremy Summers 168

4 Profiles 175

Alliance for Safe Online Pharmacies 175

Bayer AG 178

Drug Enforcement Administration 180

Carl Durham (1892-1974) 183

Hubert Humphrey (1911-1978) 185

Paul Janssen (1926-2003) 188

Kaiser Family Foundation 191

William Proctor Jr. (1817-1874) 192

Friedrich Sertürner (1783-1841) 194

Alexander "Sasha" Shulgin (1925-2014) 196

Daniel B. Smith (1792-1883) 198

5 Data and Documents 201

Data 201

Table 5.1. Urban-Rural Differences in Drug Overdose Death Rates, by Sex, Age, and Type of Drugs Involved, 1999-2017 202

Table 5.2. Strategies Used by U.S. Adults to Reduce Cost of Prescription Drugs, 2013-2017 203

Table 5.3. Descriptive Statistics on Prescription Drug Prices for Select Countries, 2018 203

Table 5.4. Median Total Cost of Top-Selling Brand-Name Drugs, 2012-2017 204

Table 5.5. Prescription Drug Use in the Past 30 Days, by Sex, Race and Hispanic Origin, and Age: United States, Selected Years 1988-1994 through 2013-2016 206

Table 5.6. Trends in Use of One or More Prescription Drugs in the Past 30 Days, by Age, 2007-2016 207

Table 5.7. Most Commonly Used Prescription Drug Types in the Past 30 Days, by Age Group, 2015-2016 207

Documents 208

Durham-Humphrey Amendment (1951) 208

Controlled Substances Act (1970) 210

Orphan Drug Act of 1983 214

Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act (1984) 215

Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987 218

State Doctor Shopping Laws (1990/2011) 220

Prescription Drug User Fee Act (1992) 222

Animal Drug Availability Act (1996) 226

Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008 229

FDA Bad Ad Program (2010) 231

United States ex rel. Michael Mullen v. Amerisource Bergen Corporation, et al. (2018) 234

American Patients First (2018) 237

Generic Drugs: Questions & Answers (2018) 240

Association for Accessible Medicines v. Frosh (2018) 243

Medicare Prescription Drug Coverage (2020) 247

The American Hospital Association v. Azar (2020) 251

6 Resources 257

Books 257

Articles 265

Reports 280

Internet 286

7 Chronology 305

Glossary 321

Index 331

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