| Preface | v |
| Acknowledgements | vii |
| Part 1. | The Issue of Public Management of Society | |
| 1. | Introduction | 3 |
| 1.1. | Public Management of Society | 3 |
| 1.2. | Alternative notions (public administration, state, government, politics, governance) | 8 |
| 1.3. | Plan of this research project | 11 |
| 1.4. | Summary | 13 |
| 2. | France, Unique Laboratory for Public Management of Society | 24 |
| 2.1. | French experiences during many centuries | 24 |
| 2.2. | Before the French Revolution | 31 |
| 2.3. | From French Revolution to Bonaparte | 36 |
| 2.4. | From Napoleon Bonaparte to Emperor Napoleon III | 43 |
| 2.5. | From Third Republic to Second World War | 52 |
| 2.6. | From Liberation to the start of the 21st century | 56 |
| Part 2. | The Fifth Republic | |
| 3. | The Fifth Republic survived the 20th Century | 69 |
| 3.1. | De Gaulle, the first president of the Fifth Republic | 69 |
| 3.1.1. | Birth of the Fifth Republic: "Republique gaullienne" | 69 |
| 3.1.2. | De Gaulle fighting for the "grandeur de France" | 71 |
| 3.1.3. | De Gaulle as 20th century Napoleon | 75 |
| 3.1.4. | From "Gaullisme gaullien" to "Gaullisme gaulliste" | 78 |
| 3.2. | The Constitution of 1958 and the Fifth Republic | 81 |
| 3.2.1. | Historical developments | 81 |
| 3.2.2. | The Constitution of 1958 for the Fifth Republic | 88 |
| 3.3. | The Gaullist philosophy of Public Management of Society | 94 |
| 3.3.1. | De Gaulle's contribution to French specificity | 94 |
| 3.3.2. | De Gaulle and his ideas | 99 |
| 3.3.3. | The Gaullist movement | 102 |
| 3.3.4. | Independent, sovereign "grandeur" of France as central theme | 103 |
| 3.3.5. | Several interpretations of Gaullism | 107 |
| 3.4. | Public authorities and organisations | 110 |
| 3.4.1. | Public authorities and organisations with a national scope | 110 |
| 3.4.2. | Public Administration | 116 |
| 3.4.3. | Specific public authorities and organisations | 121 |
| 3.4.4. | Public Management in territorially subdivided France | 125 |
| 3.4.5. | Organisation of the French judiciary ("Justice") | 129 |
| Part 3. | Public Policymaking, Politics and Public Management of Society | |
| 4. | Justice, Police and Penal System | 141 |
| 4.1. | Specific French principles of jurisdiction | 141 |
| 4.2. | Since 1958 judiciary authority instead of judiciary power | 147 |
| 4.3. | From "Police" as public affairs to Police properly | 150 |
| 4.4. | Some features of the French police model | 153 |
| 4.5. | Juridical regime of the French police | 157 |
| 4.6. | Police as qualified public service | 163 |
| 4.7. | Prison system. Structural crisis in the penitentiary system | 166 |
| 4.8. | Reforming justice and jurisdiction | 169 |
| 5. | From Socio-economic Steering to Cultural Engineering | 194 |
| 5.1. | French public management of the economy | 194 |
| 5.2. | Managing reconstruction of devastated France since 1945 | 197 |
| 5.3. | Construction of the Fifth Republic: modernisation | 200 |
| 5.4. | Original French planning, "planification a la francaise" | 206 |
| 5.5. | From centralist interventionism to sophisticated public management of society | 212 |
| 5.6. | Some specific public policies | 218 |
| 5.7. | Social security | 222 |
| 5.8. | Health care | 226 |
| 5.9. | Environmental policies | 229 |
| 5.10. | Educational and cultural policies | 230 |
| 5.11. | Cultural engineering and "Francophonie" | 236 |
| 5.12. | Concluding remarks | 238 |
| 6. | Politics and Public Management of Society | 251 |
| 6.1. | The two births of French political science | 251 |
| 6.2. | French institutionalist paradigm. Emergence of empirical social science | 254 |
| 6.3. | The second birth of French political science | 258 |
| 6.4. | German influences, Marxism and Communism | 259 |
| 6.5. | From State to Public Management of Society | 262 |
| 6.6. | Political parties and politicians, trying to kidnap public authority | 269 |
| 6.7. | Party-politics in the first half of the 20th century | 272 |
| 6.8. | Party-politics as a kind of "power-capitalism" | 274 |
| 6.9. | Specifics of the French political system | 278 |
| 6.10. | Socialist and other leftist movements | 281 |
| 6.11. | Conservative, rightist movements and leftist reactions | 286 |
| 6.12. | Political life after Liberation | 289 |
| 6.13. | The Fourth Republic (1946-1958) | 292 |
| 6.14. | From "Gaullist Republic" to post-De Gaulle Fifth Republic | 298 |
| 6.15. | "Double Septennat-Mitterrand" (1981-1995); Chirac Era (1995-2002; 2002-2007) | 304 |
| Part 4. | France in the International and Co-national Arena | |
| 7. | International Relations: Military Management, Peace Management and Diplomacy | 329 |
| 7.1. | Military management and peace management | 329 |
| 7.1.1 | War and peace as institutions. French historical experiences | 329 |
| 7.1.2 | French position as dominant power lost in the First World War | 336 |
| 7.1.3 | Versailles Treaty, crisis and collaborative Vichy Regime (1940-1944) | 340 |
| 7.1.4 | After the Second World War, changing geopolitical conditions | 347 |
| 7.2. | Nuclear weapon heart of French strategy for military independence | 352 |
| 7.2.1 | Nuclear diplomacy: keeping up with the superpowers | 352 |
| 7.2.2 | France attached to an independent role | 359 |
| 7.3. | Secret services | 363 |
| 7.3.1 | A long tradition of French secret services | 363 |
| 7.3.2 | After the First World War | 366 |
| 7.4. | International relations and diplomacy | 372 |
| 7.4.1 | Territorial obsession | 372 |
| 7.4.2 | International law is broader than interstate law | 376 |
| 7.4.3 | French preference for law as tool of diplomacy | 380 |
| 7.4.4 | Collective security, common defence: NATO and NEO-NATO logics | 383 |
| 8. | Public Management of Society in the European Union, in the Neo-European Age | 416 |
| 8.1. | A short history of European integration | 416 |
| 8.2. | Social and economic conditions of a Common Market | 419 |
| 8.3. | French politicking as a structural phenomenon | 424 |
| 8.4. | Treaty of Maastricht: European Union | 426 |
| 8.5. | Juridical institutionalising from Rome (1957) to Amsterdam (1997) | 428 |
| 8.6. | Institutionalising a new architecture of decision-making | 435 |
| 8.7. | Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) | 440 |
| 8.8. | Convergence between "Rule of Law" and "Etat de droit" in the European Union | 446 |
| 8.9. | Beyond the Treaty of Amsterdam. Towards a European Constitution | 454 |
| Part 5. | A Dialogue in the Framework of Theoretical Perspectives | |
| 9. | Public Management of Society in Co-disciplinary Perspective | 479 |
| 9.1. | Cultural specificity of French Public Management of Society | 479 |
| 9.2. | Construction of social reality, (new) institutionalism and French institutionalists | 487 |
| 9.3. | Public Management of Society beyond the modernism/postmodernism debate | 499 |
| 9.4. | From governance to professional Public Management of Society | 512 |
| 9.5. | Working-hypotheses for a co-disciplinary focus on public management of society | 527 |
| 10. | Rule of Law, Idea of Public Authority and Cultural Intelligence | 549 |
| 10.1. | From the vicious circle of vengeance to Roman law | 550 |
| 10.2. | Rule of law in gestation | 554 |
| 10.3. | French Revolution, impact of revolutions in Great-Britain and Northern America | 560 |
| 10.4. | Institutional outburst of the French Revolution | 565 |
| 10.5. | Confrontation of French doctrine with German ideas | 569 |
| 10.6. | Important French theoreticians of law | 574 |
| 10.7. | Ongoing debate about the state | 579 |
| 10.8. | The principle of sovereignty | 586 |
| 10.9. | "All-is-politics" thesis. Institutionalising of the state (Burdeau) | 593 |
| 10.10. | "Zero-State" thesis (De Bodinat) | 600 |
| 10.11. | "Law-without-the-State" thesis (Cohen-Tanugi) | 602 |
| 10.12. | Cultural mindset base for constitutional government | 608 |
| 10.13. | Cultural mapping of public authority | 616 |
| 10.14. | Cultural intelligence necessary condition for adequate Public Management of Society | 620 |
| Epilogue | 639 |
| Appendix | (on CD-ROM) | |
| I. | The Relevance of History for Contemporary French Public Management of Society (I-XX Centuries) | |
| II. | Bibliography Public Management of Society | |
