Table of Contents
CONTENTS Preface
SECTION 1: Why Study Philosophy?
What is Enlightenment? IMMANUEL KANT
Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect BARUCH SPINOZA
Letter to Menoeceus EPICURUS
Philosophy, a Bus Ride, and Dumb Luck ALFRED MELE
Apology PLATO
The Value of Philosophy BERTRAND RUSSELL
SECTION 2: What Do We Know?
Meditations 1 and 2 RENE DESCARTES
A Skeptic’s Manifesto MICHAEL SHERMER
The Lure of Radical Skepticism MICHAEL HUEMER
Appearance and Reality BERTRAND RUSSELL
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding JOHN LOCKE
A Priori Justification LAURENCE BONJOUR
SECION 3: Do We Have Free Will?
Determinism RICHARD TAYLOR
Compatibilism W.T.STACE
Beyond Compatibilism: A Buddhist Approach to Freedom and Determinism MARK SIDERITS
The Consequence Argument PETER VAN INWAGEN
Human Freedom and the Self RODERICK CHISHOLM
Libertarianism ROBERT KANE
SECTION 4: Is There an Enduring Self?
A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality JOHN PERRY
No Self in Buddhism RONALD GREEN
The Judaic-Christian Conception of the Person JOHN HICK
A Critique of Locke’s Theory of Personal Identity THOMAS REID
Brain Transplants and Personal Identity DEREK PARFIT andGODFREY VESEY
Where Am I? DANIEL DENNETT
Feminist Perspectives on the Self DIANA MEYERS
SECTION 5: WHAT IS the Mind?
They’re Made out of Meat TERRY BISSON
An Argument for Dualism from “Alcibiades I” PLATO
A Critique of Dualism PAUL CHURCHLAND
A Defense of Dualism JOHN FOSTER
Philosophical Behaviorism JOHN HEIL
The Nature of Mind DAVID ARMSTRONG
Mad Pain and Martian Pain DAVID LEWIS
Arguments against Functionalism JOHN R. SEARLE
SECTION 6: Does God Exist?
The Evidential Value of Religious Experience D.E. TRUEBLOOD
The Five Ways ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
The Ontological Argument NILS RAUHUT
The Cosmological Argument RICHARD TAYLOR
A Debate on the Cosmological Argument F.C. COPELSTON and BERTRAND RUSSELL
Molecular Machines: Experimental Support for the Design Inference MICHAEL J. BEHE
Born-Again Creationism PHILIP KITCHER
Pascal’s Wager GEORGE SCHLESINGER
The Problem of Evil B.C. JOHNSON
Why God Allows Evil RICHARD SWINBURNE
The Ethics of Belief WILLIAM CLIFFORD
The Will to Believe WILLIAM JAMES
Male-Chauvinist Religion DEBORAH MATHIEU
SECTION 7: What Ought We To Do?
The Objective Basis of Morality THOMAS NAGEL
Relativism JANET RADCLIFFE RICHARDS
Must God’s Commands Conform to Moral Standards? JAMES RACHELS
Reflective Equilibrium ROBERT BASS
The Principle of Utility JEREMY BENTHAM
Push-Pin and Poetry JEREMY BENTHAM
Higher and Lower Pleasure JOHN STUART MILL
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals IMMANUEL KANT
Maria von Herbert’s Challenge to Kant RAE LANGTON
Nicomachean Ethics ARISTOTLE
Regarding the Last Frontier of Bigotry DAVID DEGRAZIA
Do Animals Have Rights? CARL COHEN
The Case for Gay Marriage MICHAEL NAVA and ROBERT DAWIDOFF
The Case Against Gay Marriage MANUEL A. LOPEZ
