Relativity: The Special and General Theory

by Albert Einstein

Overview

Widely considered the greatest contribution to the philosophy of science, Einstein's theory of relativity has often been viewed as comprehensible only to highly trained scientists. This book, however, contains the great physicist's own explanation of both the special and the general theories, written for readers interested in the theory but not conversant with the mathematical apparatus of theoretical physics. Presenting the ideas in their simplest, most intelligible form, this three-part volume outlines the special theory, the general theory, and in a final part, offers considerations on the universe as whole.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9789391103477
Publisher:	Pharos Books
Publication date:	05/10/2022
Pages:	122
Product dimensions:	5.50(w) x 8.50(h) x 0.29(d)

About the Author

In addition to conducting the research that culminated in his acclaimed theories of relativity, Albert Einstein (1879-1955) taught and lectured at universities around the world. Einstein received numerous awards and honorary doctorate degrees in science, medicine, and philosophy, and he remains a towering symbol of intellectual and imaginative achievement.

It's All Relative
Around 1950, Hayward Cirker, Founder and President of Dover Publications, wrote to Einstein and asked his approval to proceed with a Dover paperback reprint of the 1923 collection of original papers on relativity by Einstein himself and others (H. A. Lorentz, H. Weyl, and H. Minkowski), which had originally been published in England. Einstein was reluctant, wondering how much interest there could possibly be in this relic of his work from 30 or more years earlier. Cirker persisted, and Einstein finally agreed — the Dover edition of The Theory of Relativity has been in print ever since and has been followed by many other Dover books on relativity.

The papers reprinted in this original collection will always be for the serious student the cornerstone of their Einstein library: Michelson's Interference Experiment (H. A. Lorentz); Electromagnetic Phenomena in a System Moving with any Velocity Less Than That of Light (H.A. Lorentz); On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies (A. Einstein); Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon its Energy Content? (A. Einstein); Space and Time (H. Minkowksi with notes by A. Sommerfeld); On the Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light (A. Einstein); and The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity (A. Einstein) found on pages 109–164 of this text; Hamilton's Principle and The General Theory of Relativity (A. Einstein); Cosmological Considerations on the General Theory of Relativity (A. Einstein); Do Gravitational Fields Play an Essential Part in the Structure of the Elementary Particles of Matter? (A. Einstein); and Gravitation and Electricity (H. Weyl).

In the Author's Own Words:
"How can it be that mathematics, being after all a product of human thought independent of experience, is so admirably adapted to the objects of reality?"

"What nature demands from us is not a quantum theory or a wave theory; rather, nature demands from us a synthesis of these two views which thus far has exceeded the mental powers of physicists."

"Do not be troubled by your difficulties with Mathematics, I can assure you mine are much greater." — Albert Einstein

Critical Acclaim for The Theory of Relativity:
"This book constitutes an indispensable part of a library on relativity." — Nature

Table of Contents

Introduction     viii
Preface     xiii
The Special Theory of Relativity
Physical Meaning of Geometrical Propositions     15
The System of Co-ordinates     17
Space and Time in Classical Mechanics     20
The Galilean System of Co-ordinates     22
The Principle of Relativity in the Restricted Sense     23
The Theorem of the Addition of Velocities Employed in Classical Mechanics     25
The Apparent Incompatibility of the Law of Propagation of Light with the Principle of Relativity     26
On the Idea of Time in Physics     28
The Relativity of Simultaneity     31
On the Relativity of the Conception of Distance     33
The Lorentz Transformation     34
The Behaviour of Measuring-Rods and Clocks in Motion     38
Theorem of the Addition of Velocities. The Experiment of Fizeau     40
The Heuristic Value of the Theory of Relativity     43
General Results of the Theory     44
Experience and the Special Theory of Relativity     48
Minkowski's Four-Dimensional Space     52
The General Theory of Relativity
Special and General Principle of Relativity     55
The Gravitational Field     58
The Equality of Inertial andGravitational Mass as an Argument for the General Postulate of Relativity     60
In What Respects Are the Foundations of Classical Mechanics and of the Special Theory of Relativity Unsatisfactory?     63
A Few Inferences from the General Principle of Relativity     65
Behaviour of Clocks and Measuring-Rods on a Rotating Body of Reference     68
Euclidean and Non-Euclidean Continuum     71
Gaussian Co-ordinates     74
The Space-Time Continuum of the Special Theory of Relativity Considered as a Euclidean Continuum     77
The Space-Time Continuum of the General Theory of Relativity Is Not a Euclidean Continuum     79
Exact Formulation of the General Principle of Relativity     81
The Solution of the Problem of Gravitation on the Basis of the General Principle of Relativity     83
Considerations on the Universe as a Whole
Cosmological Difficulties of Newton's Theory     87
The Possibility of a "Finite" and yet "Unbounded" Universe     89
The Structure of Space According to the General Theory of Relativity     92
Appendixes
Simple Derivation of the Lorentz Transformation (Supplementary to Section 11)     95
Minkowski's Four-Dimensional Space ("World") (Supplementary to Section 17)     99
The Experimental Confirmation of the General Theory of Relativity     101

Editorial Reviews

He was unfathomably profound - the genius among geniuses who discovered, merely by thinking about it, that the universe was not as it seemed.

Time

[Editor's Note: The following is a combined review with THEORIES OF THE UNIVERSE, RELIGION AND SCIENCE, and MY EXPERIMENTS WITH TRUTH.]--The Listen to a Genius series is a collection of CD reissues of recordings made by Audio Scholar in the 1990s. The idea--to present a cross section of writings by the world's greatest thinkers--is admirable. But while the production quality and narration are generally excellent, the series has some problems. First, the complete absence of liner notes is a disappointment. More importantly, the abridgments of these great works are often so drastic that they fail to provide a coherent introduction to the author's work. In his preface to RELATIVITY, for example, Einstein writes that his book requires "a fair amount of patience and force of will on the part of the reader." Indeed, a work of this complexity would have a reader continually rereading, something that is impractical in the audio medium. As a result, this recording will likely appeal only to those with a solid background in physics or mathematics, despite Einstein's remarkably lucid prose and the unflinching Julian Lopez-Morillas, who delivers it with clarity. Similar flaws bog down THEORIES OF THE UNIVERSE, also read by Lopez-Morillas. Though Stephen Hawking gets top billing, he is the author of only one of the four selections in this recording. His contribution, like his famous book A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIME (millions sold, perhaps hundreds read and understood), has fascinating and memorable passages but is altogether impenetrable to the non-physicist. The high point of the recording, rather, is Paul Thagard's "Conceptual Revolutions," an erudite but accessible look at the major leaps in scientific thought. Bertrand Russell's RELIGION AND SCIENCE is much easier to digest. Published in 1935, it looks at the conflicts between these two integral parts of human culture. The writing is clear, and the abridgment, while it retains only a fraction of the original work, is tidy if not seamless. David Case sounds pedantic at first, but once listeners warm to him, they’ll be happy to have exchanged Einstein’s quantum physics for this introduction to Russell's metaphysics. Mohandas Gandhi's MY EXPERIMENTS WITH TRUTH (1925) is an altogether different kind of philosophy. Frederick Davidson has chosen to read this autobiography of India's great spiritual leader with an affected accent, an odd choice in a work of nonfiction. But it works: It helps to ground a rambling piece of writing, helping this title to come closest to fulfilling the aim of the Listen to a Genius series. D.B. © AudioFile 2002, Portland, Maine

JUN/JUL 02 - AudioFile