Servo and Control Devices to Sonic Noise

Preface to the second editionPreface to the first editionIntroduction, acknowledgements and a disclaimer1 General considerations1.1 Some historical landmarks1.2 The role of pesticides in agriculture1.3 The size and scope of the pesticide market1.4 Economic aspects of pesticide usage1.5 Toxicological considerations1.6 International arrangements relating to the safe use of pesticides1.7 National arrangements for pesticide safety1.8 Local and personal aspects of pesticide safetyReferences2 Physicochemical aspects of pesticide formulation and application2.1 Target surfaces for pesticide applications2.2 Plant leaf cuticle2.3 The insect integument2.4 Pesticide formulation and state of application2.5 Fumigation2.6 Application of solids as dusts or as granules2.7 Application as liquids2.8 Impact of machinery on formulation and application2.9 Types of spray supplements2.10 Chemistry of surfactants2.11 Mode of action of surfactantsReferences3 Principles of pesticide metabolism3.1 Defence systems and their importance3.2 Enzymes responsible for the metabolism of pesticides3.3 Hydrolases3.4 Microsomal polysubstrate oxygenases3.5 Role of glutathione in pesticide degradation3.6 Other conjugation reactionsReferences4 Organophosphorus insecticides4.1 Introduction4.2 Structural diversity of organophosphorus insecticides4.3 Practical uses of organophosphorus insecticides4.4 Nervous systems, nerve cells and synapses4.5 Acetylcholinesterase: its action and inhibition4.6 Adverse and environmental effects of organophosphorus compounds4.7 Low-persistence contact poisons (subgroup 1)4.8 Loco-systemic compounds (subgroup 2)4.9 Systemic insecticides (subgroup 3)4.10 Organophosphorus compounds with a fumigantaction (subgroup 4)4.11 Organophosphorus compounds used against soil organisms (subgroup 5)References5 Carbamate insecticides, molluscicides and nematicides5.1 Introduction5.2 Structural diversity of carbamate insecticides5.3 Practical uses of carbamates5.4 Mode of action and side-effects of carbamate insecticides5.5 Aryl methylcarbamates (subgroup 1)5.6 Heterocyclic monomethyl- and dimethylcarbamates (subgroup 2)5.7 N-Methylcarbamate derivatives of oximes (subgroup 3)References6 Organochlorine insecticides6.1 Introduction6.2 Structural diversity and properties of organochlorine insecticides6.3 Production figures and practical uses of organochlorine insecticides6.4 Mechanism of normal axonic transmission6.5 DDT and its analogues6.6 Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH, formerly BHC)6.7 The chlorinated cyclodiene family6.8 Secondary and environmental effects of organochlorine insecticidesReferences7 Natural and synthetic pyrethroids7.1 Natural pyrethroids7.2 Synthetic pyrethroids7.3 Mode of action and side-effectsReferences8 Other insecticides and similar compoundsAcylureas (benzoylphenylureas)8.1 Special features and field uses8.2 Mode of action of acylureas8.3 Metabolism and persistence of acylureasInsect growth regulators8.4 Juvenile hormone and methopreneFormamidine insecticides and acaricides8.5 Behavioural characteristics, chemistry and uses8.6 Mode of action of formamidines8.7 Metabolism of formamidinesSome other insecticides of plant origin8.8 Nicotine, rotenone and their derivativesOther pesticides that harm invertebrates8.9 Acaricides8.10 Nematicides8.11 The avermectins8.12 MolluscicidesReferences9 Insect resistance to insecticides9.1 An overview9.2 Importance of uptake and excretion9.3 The role of hydrolases9.4 Mono-oxygenase activity in relation to resistance9.5 Glutathione-S-transferases and DDT dehydrochlorinase9.6 Modification of the site of action9.7 Cross-resistance9.8 Management of resistanceReferences10 Fungicides: general principles; inorganic and heavy-metal fungicides10.1 Fungi and fungicides10.2 Penetration of fungicides into fungi10.3 Selectivity of fungicides10.4 Copper fungicides: preparation, properties and uses10.5 Copper fungicides: mode of action10.6 Inorganic and organic mercury compounds10.7 Organotin compounds10.8 Sulphur and lime sulphurReferences11 Non-systemic organic fungicides11.1 Classification of non-systemic fungicides11.2 Dithiocarbamates: chemistry, uptake and uses11.3 Dithiocarbamates: mode of action and metabolism11.4 The phthalimide group11.5 Dinitrophenol derivatives11.6 Chlorine-substituted aromatic fungicides11.7 Other non-systemic or poorly systemic fungicidesReferences12 Systemic fungicides12.1 Classification; advantages and disadvantages of systemic fungicides12.2 Benzimidazoles12.3 Oxathiins or carboxamides12.4 Morpholine inhibitors of sterol synthesis12.5 Inhibitors of C-14 demethylation of sterols12.6 Hydroxyaminopyrimidine derivatives12.7 Antibiotics12.8 Phenylamides used against Oomycetes12.9 Miscellaneous antifungal compoundsReferences13 Herbicides: general considerations13.1 Introduction13.2 Non-selective and selective herbicides13.3 Weed control: an overview13.4 Uptake of herbicides by leaves or by roots13.5 Persistence of herbicides in soil13.6 Situations involving the application of herbicides to soil13.7 The use of mixtures of herbicides13.8 Classification of herbicidesReferences14 Herbicides applied to foliageType A: Herbicides that kill all foliage14.1 Quaternary ammonium compounds14.2 Glyphosate14.3 Aminotriazole (amitrole)Type B: Herbicides selectively toxic to broad-leaf weeds14.4 Phenoxyacetic acid derivatives14.5 Auxin-like herbicides derived from benzoic acid14.6 Bromoxynil and ioxynil14.7 BentazonType C: Herbicides to control grassy weeds14.8 Dalapon14.9 Herbicides that selectively kill grasses post-emergence of cropType D: Herbicides to control wild oats and some other grasses in cereals14.10 Foliage-applied carbamates and amides14.11 Other substances used post-emergence against grassesType E: Herbicides to control broad-leaf weeds in various dicotyledonous crops14.12 Phenoxybutyric acid derivatives14.13 Dinitrophenol derivatives14.14 Other herbicides occasionally applied to weed foliage; oils and the concept of physical toxicityReferences15 Herbicides that are mainly soil-acting against seedling weedsType A: Inhibitors of photosynthesis15.1 Urea herbicides15.2 Triazine herbicides15.3 Uracil and pyridazinone herbicidesType B: Substances that act at, or before, cell division15.4 Phenylcarbamate derivatives15.5 Sulphonylurea herbicidesType C: Herbicides that disrupt membranes15.6 Diphenyl ethers with light-dependent actionReferences16 Soil-applied herbicides often used in the absence of annual cropsType A: Substances that disrupt lipid biosynthesis16.1 ThiolcarbamatesType B: Herbicides that affect meristematic growth16.2 Dichlobenil and chlorthiamid16.3 -Chloroacetamides; other amides16.4 Dinitroaniline herbicidesReferencesEpilogueAppendix: Some proprietary products containing active ingredients mentioned in the textIndex