Sources of Japanese Tradition: 1600 to 2000 / Edition 2

by Wm. Theodore De Bary, Carol Gluck, Arthur Tiedemann

Overview

Since it was first published more than forty years ago, Sources of Japanese Tradition, Volume 2, has been considered the authoritative sourcebook for readers and scholars interested in Japan from the eighteenth century to the post-World War II period. Now greatly expanded to include the entire twentieth century, and beginning in 1600, Sources of Japanese Tradition presents writings from modern Japan's most important philosophers, religious figures, writers, and political leaders. The volume also offers extensive introductory essays and commentary to assist in understanding the documents' historical setting and significance. Wonderfully varied in its selections, this eagerly anticipated expanded edition has revised many of the texts from the original edition and added a great many not included or translated before. New additions include documents on the postwar era, the importance of education in the process of modernization, and women's issues.

Beginning with documents from the founding of the Tokugawa shogunate, the collection's essays, manifestos, religious tracts, political documents, and memoirs reflect major Japanese religious, philosophical, social, and political movements. Subjects covered include the spread of neo-Confucian and Buddhist teachings, Japanese poetry and aesthetics, and the Meiji Restoration. Other documents reflect the major political trends and events of the period: the abolition of feudalism, agrarian reform, the emergence of political parties and liberalism, and the Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese wars. The collection also includes Western and Japanese impressions of each other via Western religious missions and commercial and cultural exchanges. These selections underscore Japanese and Western apprehension of and fascination with each other.

As Japan entered the twentieth century, new political and social movements-Marxism, anarchism, socialism, feminism, and nationalism-entered the national consciousness. Later readings in the collection look at the buildup to war with the United States, military defeat, and American occupation. Documents from the postwar period echo Japan's struggle with its own history and its development as a capitalist democracy.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780231129848
Publisher:	Columbia University Press
Publication date:	04/13/2005
Series:	Introduction to Asian Civilizations
Edition description:	second edition
Pages:	1448
Product dimensions:	6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x (d)
Age Range:	18 Years

About the Author

Wm. Theodore de Bary (1919–2017) was John Mitchell Mason Professor Emeritus and provost emeritus of Columbia University. His many books include Waiting for the Dawn, Message of the Mind, and Learning for One’s Self, as well as Sources of Japanese Tradition and Sources of Korean Tradition, all published by Columbia University Press.

Carol Gluck is the George Sansom Professor of History at Columbia University. She is the author of Japan's Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji Period.

Arthur Tiedemann is a member of the Society of Senior Scholars at the Heyman Centre for the Humanities, Columbia University. He is the author of Modern Japan: A Brief History.

Table of Contents

Preface
Part IV The Tokugawa Peace
20. Ieyasu and the Founding of the Tokugawa Shogunate, by Willem Boot
Ieyasuís Revenge and Compassion
21. Confucianism in the Early Tokugawa Period, by Willem Boot
Fujiwara Seika and the Rise of Neo-Confucianism
Hayashi Razan
The Later History of the Hayashi Family School
The Way of Heaven
22. The Spread of Neo-Confucianism in Japan
Yamazaki Ansai and Zhu Xi Studies, by Barry Steben
The Mito School, by Barry Steben
Kaibara Ekken: Human Nature and the Study of Nature, by Mary Evelyn Tucker
The Oyomei (Wang Yangming) School in Japan, by Barry Steben
Kumazawa Banzan: Confucian Practice in Seventeenth-Century Japan, by Ian James McMullen
Nakae Tojuís Successors in the Oyomei School, by Barry Steben
23. The Evangelic Furnace: Japanís First Encounter with the West, by J. S. A. Elisonas
European Documents
A Christian Critique of Shinto
Alexandro Valignanoís Japanese Mission Policy
A Jesuit Priestís Observations of Women
Japanese Documents
The Anti-Christian Edicts of Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Fabian Fucan Pro and Contra
A Buddhist Refutation of Christianity
24. Confucian Revisionists, by Wm. Theodore de Bary and John A. Tucker
Fundamentalism and Revisionism in the Critique of Neo-Confucianism
Yamaga Soko and the Civilizing of the Samurai, by John A. Tucker
Ito Jinsaiís School of Ancient Meanings, by John A. Tucker
Ogyu Sorai and the Return to the Classics
Muro Kyusoís Defense of Neo-Confucianism
25. Varieties of Neo-Confucian Education
Principles of Education
Yamazaki Ansai, by John A. Tucker
Kaibara Ekken, by Mary Evelyn Tucker
The Shizutani School, by Mary Evelyn Tucker
The Merchant Academy of Kaitokudo, by Tetsuo Najita
Lecture on the Early Chapters of the Analects and Mencius
Items of Understanding, 1727
Items of Understanding, 1758
Ogyu Soraiís Approach to Learning, by Richard Minear
Hirose Tansoís School System, by Marleen Kassel
26. Popular Instruction
Ishida Baiganís Learning of the Mind and the Way of the Merchant, by Janine Sawada
The House Codes of Tokugawa Merchant Families
The Testament of Shimai Soshitsu
The Code of the Okaya House
Ihara Saikaku
Mitsui Takafusa
Muro Kyuso
Hosoi Heishu
How to Behave at Temple Schools
27. The Vocabulary of Japanese Aesthetics III, by Donald Keene
Chikamatsu Monzaemon
28. Haiku and the Democracy of Poetry as a Popular Art, by Donald Keene
Matsuo Basho
Issa
29. "Dutch Learning," by Grant Goodman
Engelbert Kaempfer
Sugita Genpaku
Otsuki Gentaku
Shiba Kokan
30. Eighteenth-Century Rationalism
Arai Hakuseki's Confucian Perspective on Government and Society, by Kate Nakai
The Function of Rites
The Evolution of Japanese History
Hakuseki's View of Christianity and the West
Hakuseki's Approach to Fiscal Policy and Trade
Tominaga Nakamotoís Historical Relativism
Ando Shoeki's Ecological Community
Miura Baien's Search for a New Logic, by Rosemary Mercer
"The Origin of Price"
Baien's System of "Logic"
Space and Time
Heaven-and-Earth Is the Teacher
Jori and Science
Kaiho Seiryo and the Laws of Economics
31. The Way of the Warrior II
The Debate over the Ako Vendetta, by John A. Tucker and Barry Steben
Okado Denpachiro
Religious Nuances of the Ako Case, by John A. Tucker and Barry Steben
Hayashi Razan
Hayashi Hoko
Muro Kyuso
Ogyu Sorai
Sato Naokata
Asami Keisai
Dazai Shundai
Goi Ranshu
Fukuzawa Yukichi
The Ako Vendetta Dramatized, by Donald Keene
Hagakure and the Way of the Samurai, by Barry Steben
32. The National Learning Schools, by Peter Nosco
Kada no Azumamaro
Kamo no Mabuchi
Motoori Norinaga
Love and Poetry
Good and Evil in The Tale of Genji
Hirata Atsutane
Okuni Takamasa
33. Buddhism in the Tokugawa Period
Suzuki Shosan, by Royall Tyler
Takuan Soho, by William Bodiford
Bankei
Hakuin Ekaku
Jiun Sonja Paul Watt
34. Orthodoxy, Protest, and Local Reform
The Prohibition of Heterodox Studies
The Kansei Edict
The Justification for the Kansei Edict
The Later Wang Yangming (Oyomei) School, by Barry Steben
Sato Issai
Oshio Heihachiro
Agrarian Reform and Cooperative Planning
Ninomiya Sontoku
35. Forerunners of the Restoration
Rai Sanyo and Yamagata Daini: Loyalism
Rai Sanyo's Unofficial History, by Barry Steben
Yamagata Daini's New Thesis, by Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi
Honda Toshiaki: Ambitions for Japan
Sato Nobuhiro: Totalitarian Nationalism
36. The Debate over Seclusion and Restoration
The Later Mito School
The Opening of Japan from Within
Sakuma Shozan: Eastern Ethics and Western Science
Yokoi Shonan: Opening the Country for the Common Good
Yoshida Shoin: Death-Defying Heroism
Fukuzawa Yukichi: Pioneer of Westernization
Reform Proposals of Sakamoto Ryoma, Saigo Takamori, and Okubo Toshimichi
Sakamoto Ryoma: Eight-Point Proposal
Letter from Saigo Takamori and Okubo Toshimichi on the Imperial Restoration
Part V Japan, Asia, and the West
37. The Meiji Restoration, by Fred G. Notehelfer
The Abolition of Feudalism and the Centralization of the Meiji State
The Leaders and Their Vision
The Iwakura Mission
Consequences of the Iwakura Mission: Saigo and Okubo on Korea
The Meiji Emperor
38. Civilization and Enlightenment, by Albert Craig
Fukuzawa Yukichi
Enlightenment Thinkers of the Meirokusha: On Marriage
Mori Arinori
Kato Hiroyuki
Fukuzawa Yukichi
Sakatani Shiroshi
Tsuda Mamichi
Nakamura Masanao: China Should Not Be Despised
39. Popular Rights and Constitutionalism, by James Huffman
Debating a National Assembly, 1873-1875
Itagaki Taisuke
Nakamura Masanao
Representative Assemblies and National Progress, February 1879
Defining the Constitutional State, 1876-1883
Ito Hirobumi
Okuma Shigenobu
Chiba Takasaburo
Nakae Chomin
The Emergence of Political Parties
Itagaki Taisuke
Fukuchi Gen'ichiro
Okuma Shigenobu
Ozaki Yukio
Bestowing the Constitution on the People, 1884-1889
Controlling the Freedom and People's Rights Movement
The Meiji Constitution
40. Education in Meiji Japan, by Richard Rubinger
Views in the Early Meiji Period
Iwakura Tomomi and Aristocratic Education
Kido Takayoshi and Ito Hirobumi on Universal Education
Fukuzawa Yukichi and Education
The First Meiji School System
The Confucian Critique
Motoda Eifu and Emperor-Centered Education
Tani Tateki's Critique of the West
Nakamura Masanao's Synthesis of East and West
Mori Arinori and the Later Meiji School System
Inoue Kowashi and Patriotic Training
The Imperial Rescript on Education
Teachers and Reform from Below
State Control over Textbooks
The Education of Women in the Meiji Period
41. Nationalism and Pan-Asianism
State Shinto, by Helen Hardacre
The Idea of Shinto as a National Teaching
The Divinity of the Emperor
The Patriotic Meaning of Shrines
State Shinto in the Colonies of Imperial Japan
Tokutomi Soho: A Japanese Nationalistís View of the West and Asia, by Fred G. Notehelfer
Supporting the Imperial State and Military Expansion
Okakura Kakuzo: Aesthetic Pan-Asianism, by Aida Yuan Wong
Yanagi Muneyoshi and the Kwanghwa Gate in Seoul, Korea
42. The High Tide of Prewar Liberalism, by Arthur E. Tiedemann
Democracy at Home
Minobe Tatsukichi: The Legal Foundation for Liberal Government
Yoshino Sakuzo: Democracy as minpon shugi
Kawai Eijiro: A Rebuke to the Military
Ishibashi Tanzan: A Liberal Business Journalist
Kiyosawa Kiyoshi: Why Liberalism?
Ienaga Saburo: The Formation of a Liberal
Peaceful Cooperation Abroad
Shidehara Kijuro: Conciliatory Diplomacy
Yamamuro Sobun: Call for a Peaceful Japan
43. Socialism and the Left, by Andrew Barshay
The Early Socialist Movement
Anarchism
Kotoku Shusui
Kagawa Toyohiko
Socialism and the Left
Osugi Sakae
Kaneko Fumiko
Marxism
The Debate About Japanese Capitalism
Kawakami Hajime
Yamada Moritaro
Uno Kozo
Marxist Cultural Criticism
Tosaka Jun
Nakano Shigeharu
The Tenko Phenomenon
44. The Rise of Revolutionary Nationalism, by Marius Jansen
Japan and Asia
Agitation by Assassination
The Plight of the Countryside
Kita Ikki and the Reform Wing of Ultranationalism
The Conservative Reaffirmation
Watsuji Tetsuro
45. Empire and War, by Peter Duus
The Impact of World War I: A Conflict Between Defenders and Opponents of the Status Quo
A Plan to Occupy Manchuria
The Economic Need for Expansion
Hashimoto Kingoro
Konoe Fumimaro
National Mobilization
Army Ministry
Konoe Fumimaro
The Imperial Rule Assistance Association
Spiritual Mobilization
Economic Mobilization
The Greater East Asia War
The Decision for War with the United States
The War's Goals
The Greater East Asia Conference
Defeat
Part VI. Postwar Japan
46. The Occupation Years, 1945-1952, by Marlene Mayo
Initial Official Policies, American and Japanese
A New Basic Document: The 1947 Constitution
Introducing a New Civil Code
The New Educational System
Labor Unions
Rural Land Reform
Economic Stabilization and Reconstruction
Reconstructing Japan as a Nation of Peace and Culture
Morito Tatsuo
Yokota Kisaburo
Regaining Sovereignty in a Bipolar World
Some Japanese Views of the War
Kurihara Sadako
Oe Kenzaburo
Tanaka Kotaro
47. Democracy and High Growth, by Andrew Gordon
The Movement Against the Separate Treaty and the U.S.- Japan Military Alliance
The Government's View of the Economy in 1956: "The 'postwar' is over"
The Transformation of the Postwar Monarchy
Two Views of the Security Treaty Crisis of 1960
Maruyama Masao
Yoshimoto Takaaki
The Consumer Revolution in Postwar Japan, 1960
The Economic Planning Agency's New Long-Range Economic Plan of Japan, 1961-1970
Environmental Activism in Postwar Japan: Minamata Disease
Bulldozing the Archipelago: The Politics of Economic Growth
The Philosophy of Japanese Labor Management in the High-Growth Era
The Japanese Middle Class at the End of the Twentieth Century
Part VII. Aspects of the Modern Experience
48. The New Religions, by Helen Hardacre
Kurozumikyo
Tenrikyo
Omoto
Deguchi Nao
Deguchi Onisaburo
Reiyukai kyodan
Soka gakkai
Makiguchi Tsunesaburo
Toda Josei
Ikeda Daisaku
49. Japan and the World in Cultural Debate
Uchimura Kanzo
Natsume Soseki
Nishida Kitaro
Endo Shusaku
Mishima Yukio
Oe Kenzaburo
50. Gender Politics and Feminism, by Brett de Bary
Gender and Modernization
Magazines for Women's Education
Women and Labor
Hiratsuka Raicho and the Bluestocking Society
Postwar Japanese Feminism
Aoki Yayoi and Ecofeminism
Matsui Yayori and Asian Migrant Women in Japan
Ueno Chizuko and the Cultural Context of Japanese Feminism
Saito Chiyo and Japanese Feminism
51. Thinking with the Past: History Writing in Modern Japan, by Carol Gluck
New Histories in Meiji Japan
Taguchi Ukichi
Shigeno Yasutsugu
Kume Kunitake
Marxist History Writing
Writing About the Meiji Restoration
Tokutomi Soho
Noro Eitaro
Nakamura Masanori
Banno Junji
Bito Masahide
Shiba Ryotaro
A High-School History Textbook
Alternative Histories
Ifa Fuyu
Yanagita Kunio
Takamure Itsue
Maruyama Masao
Irokawa Daikichi
Yasumaru Yoshio
The Asia-Pacific War in History and Memory
Maruyama Masao
Ienaga Saburo
Oe Kenzaburo
Fujiwara Akira
Kobayashi Yoshinori
Ishizaka Kei
Twentieth-Century Design Stamps
Rethinking the Nation
Amino Yoshihiko
Kano Masanao
Arano Yasunori and Colleague

What People are Saying About This

Joshua Fogel

A tour de force... This book will, as it has for 40 years, be exceedingly useful to a wide variety of entry-level courses in Japanese history, culture, civilization, as well as high-level courses in Japanese thought and religion.

— Joshua Fogel, author of The Nanjing Massacre in History and Historiography

John Dower

Sources of Japanese Tradition is a treasure... The appearance of this new edition is true cause for celebration by anyone seriously interested in Japan.

— John Dower, author of Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II

John W. Dower

A treasure—far and away the most eloquent, elegant, and incisive selection of ancient and medieval writings available in English. The appearance of this new edition is true cause for celebration by anyone seriously interested in Japan.

Akira Iriye

Since their publication more than forty years ago, the two volumes of Sources of Japanese Tradition have proved to be invaluable guides to the study of Japanese history and culture. The revised volume contains a large amount of new material, reflecting the recent scholarly achievements, especially in social and religious history. Its publication is welcome news to teachers and students of Japanese civilization and all those who are interested in the origins of contemporary Japanese society and culture.

— Akira Iriye, author of Cultural Internationalism and World Order

Editorial Reviews

Greatly expanded with the addition of many new sources, and the compilers did a wonderful job in organizing.

Pacific Affairs - Nam-Lin Hur

Sources of Japanese Tradition will perform a useful function... and the volumes should find a place on library shelves wherever Japanese history is taught.

Japanese Studies - Sandra Wilson

Sources of Japanese Tradition will perform a useful function... and the volumes should find a place on library shelves wherever Japanese history is taught.

— Sandra Wilson

Japanese Studies

Greatly expanded with the addition of many new sources, and the compilers did a wonderful job in organizing.

— Nam-Lin Hur

Pacific Affairs

New edition of a selection of source readings on Japanese history, society, politics, education, philosophy, and religion. De Bary (Heyman Center for the Humanities), Donald Keene (Japanese literature, Columbia U.), George Tanabe (religion, U. of Hawaii) and Paul Varley (history, U. of Hawaii) have restructured this volume to span the period from the early Japanese chronicles to the end of the 16th century. In addition, they have revised or retranslated many of the texts and added new readings on early and medieval Shinto, the tea ceremony, state Buddhism and Chinese political thought that has affected Japan, women's education, medieval innovations in the uses of history, and laws and precepts of the medieval warrior houses. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Booknews

The richness of this new collection is difficult to overstate... Essential.

Choice

I am a fan of Volume One of Sources of Japanese Tradition... The daunting task of revisiting such a classic was skillfully handled by the editors.

Japanese Journal of Religious Studies

The long awaited second edition, with new contributions reflecting who's who in the field, adds new readings and revisions for a more balanced perspecitve... Sources lives again as a useful introduction that "lets the Japanese speak for themselves."

Religious Studies Review