Sphinx: History of a Monument

by Christiane Zivie-Coche, David Lorton (Translator)

Overview

"Sphinxes are legion in Egypt—what is so special about this one?... We shall take a stroll around the monument itself, scrutinizing its special features and analyzing the changes it experienced throughout its history. The evidence linked to the statue will enable us to trace its evolution... down to the worship it received in the first centuries of our own era, when Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans mingled together in devotion to this colossus, illustrious witness to a past that was already more than two millennia old."—from the IntroductionThe Great Sphinx of Giza is one of the few monuments from ancient Egypt familiar to nearly everyone. In a land where the colossal is part of the landscape, it still stands out, the largest known statue in Egypt. Originally constructed as the image of King Chephren, builder of the second of the Great Pyramids, the Sphinx later acquired new fame in the guise of the sun god Harmakhis. Major construction efforts in the New Kingdom and Roman Period transformed the monument and its environs into an impressive place of pilgrimage, visited until the end of pagan antiquity.Christiane Zivie-Coche, a distinguished Egyptologist, surveys the long history of the Great Sphinx and discusses its original appearance, its functions and religious significance, its relation to the many other Egyptian sphinxes, and the various discoveries connected with it. From votive objects deposited by the faithful and inscriptions that testify to details of worship, she reconstructs the cult of Harmakhis (in Egyptian, Har-em-akhet, or "Horus-in-the-horizon"), which arose around the monument in the second millennium. "We are faced," she writes, "with a religious phenomenon that is entirely original, though not unique: a theological reinterpretation turned an existing statue into the image of the god who had been invented on its basis."The coming of Christianity ended the Great Sphinx's religious role. The ever-present sand buried it, thus sparing it the fate that overtook the nearby pyramids, which were stripped of their stone by medieval builders. The monument remained untouched, covered by its desert blanket, until the first excavations. Zivie-Coche details the archaeological activity aimed at clearing the Sphinx and, later, at preserving it from the corrosive effects of a rising water table.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780801489549
Publisher:	Cornell University Press
Publication date:	09/02/2004
Pages:	144
Product dimensions:	5.50(w) x 8.50(h) x 0.44(d)
Age Range:	18 Years

About the Author

Christiane Zivie-Coche is Professor at L'Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes. She is coauthor with Françoise Dunand of Gods and Men in Egypt: 3000 BCE to 395 CE (also from Cornell) and the author or editor of more than a half dozen books in French. David Lorton, an Egyptologist, lives in Baltimore, Maryland.

Table of Contents

	Acknowledgments	ix
	Translator's Note	xi
	Chronology	xiii
	Introduction	1
1	Sphinx-Sphinxes	4
	The Hybrid Nature of the Sphinx
	The Word Sphinx
2	The Modern History of the Sphinx	13
	From Antiquity to the Twentieth Century
	The Era of Excavations
	The Great Excavations of the Twentieth Century
3	Description and History of the Sphinx	23
4	The Old Kingdom: The Sphinx as Part of the Chephren Funerary Complex	36
5	The Transformations of the New Kingdom	41
	Memphis in the New Kingdom
	The Royal Undertakings
	Personal Devotion
	The Invention of a God: The Role and Cult of Harmakhis
	Harmakhis and the Other Gods of Giza
6	The New Focus of the First Millennium	78
	The Memphite Context
	The Trace of Sovereigns
	The Stela of the Daughter of Cheops
	The Chapel of Harbes and the Priesthoods of Harmakhis
	Harmakhis and His Temenos during the Last Dynasties
7	The Greco-Roman Period	98
	Bibliography	111
	Index	117

What People are Saying About This

Elizabeth Crowley

If you're on the way to Egypt or you've always wanted to go... then you might want to know more about the Sphinx, or the Great Sphinx of Giza, as it is formally known.... In Sphinx: History of a Monument, Christiane Zivie-Coche takes us through the life and times of this landmark—nearly 65 feet tall, from ground to top of headdress, and 238 feet long, from forepaws to lion's tail.

Editorial Reviews

Christiane Zivie-Coche's Sphinx: History of a Monument reflects her particular concern with the later history of the Giza sphinx and with the Giza plateau as a whole. This... translation... brings to an anglophone readership a wealth of detail about the appropriation of the sphinx in the New Kingdom and the Late Period, as a monument no longer exclusively tied to the old royal funerary cult but developing a religious status in its own right.

-- "Egyptian Archeology"

From the Publisher

Christiane Zivie-Coche's Sphinx: History of a Monument reflects her particular concern with the later history of the Giza sphinx and with the Giza plateau as a whole. This... translation... brings to an anglophone readership a wealth of detail about the appropriation of the sphinx in the New Kingdom and the Late Period, as a monument no longer exclusively tied to the old royal funerary cult but developing a religious status in its own right.

Egyptian Archeology