The Barnes & Noble Review
The first words of Sam Shepard's remarkable, quietly devastating last book, written in the final year of his life when he was dying of ALS, let us know what he's up to: "Seen from a distance." In Spy of the First Person, Shepard, a restless wanderer trapped in a failing body, squeezes himself through an escape hatch by doing one of the things he's always done -- writing. He objectifies himself, putting distance between his corporeal and mental selves by splitting alternately into observed and observer in order to report on his predicament from afar. One of many searing observations: "The more helpless I get, the more remote I become."
Shifting between first- and third-person perspectives, the book's focus is an old man rocking on a screened porch or parked under a tree in a wheelchair. A sort of doppelgänger spies on him, peering through binoculars from across the street, trying to figure out what's going on: "The baseball cap, the grimy jeans, the old vest . . . Telling stories of one kind or another, little histories. Battle stories . . . mumbling to himself." The mysterious watcher mentions iced tea, reading, and people coming by all day -- a son, a daughter, two sisters -- from "deep inside the house" to tend to the man. He notes the man's mounting unsteadiness on his feet, the progressive difficulty breathing. He observes, "His hands and arms don't work much. He uses his legs, his knees, his thighs, to bring his arms and hands to his face in order to be able to eat his cheese and crackers."
The increasingly incapacitated man is trying to figure out what's going on, too. ALS is never mentioned by name, but he paints a clear enough picture of the disease's ravages, consistent with neurobiologist Lisa Genova's more clinically detailed depiction in Every Note Played, her forthcoming novel about a concert pianist suffering from ALS. "They gave me all these tests," Shepard writes of dismayingly useless visits to a famous clinic in the "painted desert." He describes the torment of itchy eyebrows and of a monotony barely broken by birds and butterflies. The disease's encroachment induces both a detachment from his body and a sort of paranoia, reflected in the feeling that he's under surveillance: "Someone wants to know something. Someone wants to know something about me that I don't even know myself." Later, he comments, "I wouldn't mind answering if I could. It's kind of interesting to have someone genuinely interested in me."
In a sense, all writing is a way of stepping away from oneself and taking the long view -- and so is acting. In the course of more than fifty years, Shepard did plenty of both, writing more than fifty-five plays and acting in more than sixty films. He wrote about a mythologized West in stormy dramas about dysfunctional families torn by alcoholism, brothers battling each other, and fathers fighting sons. He wrote about abuse, addiction, and those left behind by the American Dream, in works like his 1978 Pulitzer Prize winner, Buried Child, before they became the ubiquitous dark matter of stage, screen, and memoirs. A consummate lone ranger, he ran on his own rogue steam -- a persona that made him a natural in roles like The Right Stuff's Chuck Yeager, for which he received an Oscar nomination (despite his purported fear of flying). But producing this spare, potent book -- on which he completed edits just days before his death on July 27, 2017, at age seventy-three -- required the help of his three children, two sisters, and his former lover and lifelong friend, Patti Smith. Spy of the First Person is, among other things, a paean to family.
His previous book, The One Inside, which was published earlier in 2017, was a muddled, intensely interior mix of dreamscape and memory. It was dedicated to his cherished family support team and featured a powerful epigraph from David Foster Wallace that applies equally to Spy of the First Person: "Why does no one take you aside and tell you what is coming?" This slim posthumous volume is a more coherent, urgent, and moving work of autobiographical fiction. It packs a punch, and not just because we know the circumstances under which it was written, or that it's his last. There are things Shepard wants to say, and he knows it's now or never.
Shepard's man-on-the-wane lets his mind roam where his body no longer can -- to memories of sleeping on a mattress on the floor of a condemned building on Manhattan's Lower East Side nearly fifty years earlier, to migrants waiting for work on a street corner in northern California. Despite having been urged to stay in the present, he confesses that his thoughts are drawn to the past, which "always comes in parts. In fact it comes apart. It presents itself as though it was experienced in fragments."
Many sentences begin with "Sometimes" or "For instance." At once elliptical and direct, he frequently addresses his children. "I'm not trying to prove anything to you," he writes. "I'm not trying to prove that I was the father you believed me to be when you were very young. I've made some mistakes but I have no idea what they were. And I've never desired to start over again. I have no desire to eliminate parts of myself. I have no desire." The echo of those four words reverberates loudly.
Shepard's ability to dramatize a scene with minimal words remains intact, resulting in powerful mini-plays. At one point, his daughter -- literally lost in his memories -- interrupts, "Wait a minute, Dad, what room? What are you talking about?" She tries to urge him indoors to avoid oncoming rain, but he asks her to push him to the grocery store in his wheelchair, as there's a whole list of stuff he wants -- bananas, sardines, instant coffee. "Dad? Dad? Why do you need these things now? Why all these supplies? You're not going hunting," she says, even as she accedes to his wish.
He is heartbreakingly aware that his hunting days are over. Leaving a crowded Mexican restaurant after a lively dinner with his family, he notes that a year ago he "could walk with his head up. He could see through the air. He could wipe his own ass." Now he's "a man sitting on shaggy wool with a Navajo blanket across his knees," being pushed by his hale sons.
And too soon, he's gone altogether. But he's left us this extraordinary valedictory work.
Heller McAlpin is a New York–based critic who reviews books for NPR.org, The Los Angeles Times, Washington Post, San Francisco Chronicle, Christian Science Monitor, and other publications.
Reviewer: Heller McAlpin
The New York Times - Dwight Garner
This novel's themes are echt Shepard: fathers and sons; shifting identities and competing versions of reality; a sense that there are watchers and there are watchees in this world of dusty gravitas. The setting is the American West. The prose is taciturn. The pronouns have vague antecedents. The book is cryptic…sly and revealing…There are echoes of Beckett in this novel's abstemious style and existential echoes.
From the Publisher
Sam Shepard's Spy of the First Person is a devastating work that is also full of life and wonder. From its heartbreaking dedication to him by his children to its last longing and truthful pages, it is an intimate masterwork.”
—Michael Ondaatje, Booker Prize–winning author of The English Patient
“Moving. . . . Sly and revealing. . . . This novel’s themes are echt Shepard: fathers and sons; shifting identities and competing versions of reality; a sense that there are watchers and there are watchees in this world of dusty gravitas. . . . You can tell you are moving into the realm of myth when you are holding a slender novel like this one that has large type and ample margins, to give the words room to reverberate. . . . There are echoes of Beckett in this novel’s abstemious style and existential echoes.”
—Dwight Garner, The New York Times
“Eloquent. . . . Its effect is one of atmosphere rather than narrative, an aching requiem sung in the shadow of extinction. . . . Shepard’s gaunt lyricism conjures an album of bleached images in which the life of a man and the changing face of a country are cataloged with both love and bafflement. . . . A lived richness burnishes each page. . . . It is difficult not to be moved by these sparks of beauty and belonging. They light up all the brighter for how quickly they go dark.”
—Dustin Illingworth, Los Angeles Times
“Beautiful . . . Cryptic, almost hallucinatory. . . . Remarkable. . . . There’s a subtle curiosity at work, too, the curiosity of a writer to the very end. Unsettling, yet brave.”
—Jocelyn McClurg, USA Today
“In Spy of the First Person, two narrative voices wind together in beguiling fashion. . . . Spy of the First Person returns to the uncanny experience evoked in all of Shepard’s fiction of being both the observer and the observed. . . . Shepard has always been a spare and oblique writer, creating a sense of dreamy discomfort. . . . The sketches jump to northern California, the Alcatraz prison, a doctor’s office in Arizona and even the squats of the Lower East Side in the 1970s. But as always, the itinerancy masks a profound feeling of imprisonment, as the scenes inevitably circle back to the old man on the porch, who has been rendered so immobile that he has to ask for help to scratch an itch on his face. Yet that appeal for help marks a small but significant change. Shepard’s wanderers have usually been on unaccompanied journeys with no departure or destination, only an ever-repeating present instant. But Spy of the First Person ends with a scene of family solidarity. The old man watches himself being pushed in a wheelchair to a crowded Mexican restaurant. . . . ‘The thing I remember most,’ he thinks, ‘is being more or less helpless and the strength of my sons.’ At last he has no choice but to accept the company of others as he travels through the great wide American somewhere.”
—Sam Sacks, The Wall Street Journal
“Haunting. . . . A testament-like fever dream of autofiction.”
—Elisabeth Vincentelli, Newsday
“As the narrator’s body grows weaker, his days are filled with trips to the clinic with loved ones, and a cascade of memories—orchards, surfers, the mid-1970s. He describes being ‘exhausted from the chaos of this era’—‘Napalm. Cambodia. Nixon. Tet Offensive. Watergate. Secretariat. Muhammad Ali.’ . . . He has rendered the thoughtful, interior months of his own last act into spare and profound prose.”
—Jane Ciabattari, BBC
“Powerful. . . . Ultimately, Shepard drops all pretense, closing out this collection with two heartbreaking chapters detailing his final days, and bringing the reader up close to what Rilke called ‘undiluted death.’”
—John Winters, WBUR
“Spy of the First Person captivates in its distillation of many of Shepard’s enduring themes—the death of America’s frontier, identity and loneliness. . . . Shepard illuminates loneliness beautifully in this slight but rich and moving final work. In the final lines the old man sees ‘the moon getting bigger and brighter . . . two sons and their father, everyone trailing behind.’ Shepard’s valedictory message is one of hope.”
—Alasdair Lees, The Independent (London)
“There’s plainspoken reflection on the tempos of everyday life, in a signature style that lopes elegantly and rhythmically across the page. . . . Surreality emerges in Shepard’s visions of his mundane West, as well as the familiar voice of a lonely, achingly acute observer. . . . The pages of a man’s life, with all its glory and monotony, are sewn together here with steady pathos and flashes of brilliance, dark and light.”
—Molly Boyle, Santa Fe New Mexican
“Spare but not slight, surreal yet stoic, an intriguing and moving glimpse into what falls away and what still matters at the end. . . . Shepard evokes the sense of mystery and the exploration of the myth of the American West that permeated so much of his work. . . . With Spy of the First Person, Shepard exited head up.”
—Colette Bancroft, Tampa Bay Times
“It is, radiantly, Shepard’s voice. . . . Shepard lets his characters keep their secrets, even as they reveal timeless and universal truths. . . . [A] stunning and eloquent final soliloquy.”
—Lew J. Whittington, New York Journal of Books
"Snares with virtuoso precision both nature’s constant vibrancy and the stop-action of illness. Told in short takes pulsing with life and rueful wit. . . . Offers acid commentary on episodes in American history, and revels in the resonance of words. . . . A gorgeously courageous and sagacious coda to Shepard’s innovative and soulful body of work.”
—Donna Seaman, Booklist (starred review)
“Elegant, unpretentious, funny, and touching. . . . Slim but potent. . . . Gently escorts the reader out to the edge where life meets death.”
—Publishers Weekly (starred review)
“A sharply observed, slender novel set in familiar Shepard territory: a dusty, windblown West of limitless horizons and limited means of escape. . . . Offers arresting portent. . . . It’s exactly of a piece with True West and other early Shepard standards, and one can imagine Shepard himself playing the part of that old man in an understated, stoical film. . . . In the end, this is a story less of action than of mood, and that mood is overwhelmingly, achingly melancholic. The story is modest, the poetry superb. A most worthy valediction.”
—Kirkus Reviews (starred)
Kirkus Reviews
★ 2017-10-31
A sharply observed, slender novel set in familiar Shepard (The One Inside, 2017, etc.) territory: a dusty, windblown West of limitless horizons and limited means of escape.An image at the beginning of what is billed as the recently deceased Shepard's final work of fiction—until the next one is found in a drawer, presumably—offers arresting portent: robins are singing, chirping away, not so much out of happiness with the world but, as the nameless narrator says, "I think mostly protecting nests" from all the "big bad birds" that are out to get their little blue eggs. The world is full of big bad birds, and one is the terror of a wasting neurological disease that provides the novel's closing frame: two sons and an ailing father lagging behind the rest of their family as they make their way up the street in a little desert ville. "We made it and we hobbled up the stairs," says the old man. "Or I hobbled. My sons didn't hobble, I hobbled." It's exactly of a piece with True West and other early Shepard standards, and one can imagine Shepard himself playing the part of that old man in an understated, stoical film. In between, it's all impression, small snapshots of odd people and odd moments ("People are unlocking their cars from a distance. Pushing buttons, zapping their cars, making the doors buzz and sing, making little Close Encounters of the Third Kind noises"). It's easy to lose track of where one voice ends and another begins, where the young man leaves off and the old man picks up the story: explaining the title, the young narrator likens himself to an employee of a "cryptic detective agency," even as the old man, taking up the narration in turn, wonders why he's being so closely watched when he can barely move. In the end, this is a story less of action than of mood, and that mood is overwhelmingly, achingly melancholic.The story is modest, the poetry superb. A most worthy valediction.