Standards And Quality

by Anwar El-tawil

Overview

The book brings together a number of subjects of prime importance for any practicing engineer and, students of engineering. The book explains the concepts and functions of voluntary standards, mandatory technical regulations, conformity assessment (testing and measurement of products), certification, quality and quality management systems as well as other management systems such as environmental, social responsibility and food safety management systems.The book also gives a comprehensive description of the role of metrology systems that underpin conformity assessment. A description is given of typical national systems of standards, quality and metrology and how they relate directly or through regional structures to international systems. The book also covers the relation between standards and trade and explains the context and stipulations of the Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9789814623575
Publisher:	World Scientific Publishing Company, Incorporated
Publication date:	02/06/2015
Pages:	196
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.00(h) x 0.60(d)

Table of Contents

Dedication v

Preface vii

List of Figures xiii

Chapter 1 Standards and Their Benefits 1

1.1 What are Standards? 1

1.2 The Benefits of Standards 3

1.3 The Evolution of Standardization 7

1.4 Should Standards be Made Mandatory? 9

1.5 Should there be Standards in all Areas of Human Activity? 10

Chapter 2 The Standardization Process 12

2.1 Establishing National Standards 12

2.2 The Standards Development Plan or Work Programme 12

2.3 Developing and Approving Standards 14

2.4 Promotion of the Use of Published Standards 20

2.5 Maintaining Standards 23

Chapter 3 The National Standards Body 23

3.1 Why a National Standards Body? 23

3.2 Characteristics of the National Standards Body 24

3.3 National Standardization Policy 24

3.4 Standardization Law 25

3.5 Governance of the National Standards Body (NSB) 26

3.6 Directives for Technical Work 27

3.7 Financing National Standardization 27

3.8 Human Resources of the NSB 28

Chapter 4 International Standardization 30

4.1 A Brief History of International Standardization 30

4.2 The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 32

4.3 The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 39

4.4 Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) 41

4.5 The International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) 42

4.6 "Private" International Standards 44

Chapter 5 Conformity to Standards - Certification and Accreditation 46

5.1 The Meaning and Importance of Conformity Assessment 46

5.2 Types of Conformity Assessment 46

5.3 Advantages of Third Party Conformity Assessment 48

5.4 Functions of Third Party Conformity Assessment 49

5.5 Conformity Assessment Bodies 51

5.6 Requirements of Conformity Assessment Bodies (CABs) 52

5.7 Acceptance of Third Party Conformity Assessment 55

Chapter 6 Standards and Trade 61

6.1 The Impact of Trade Growth on Standards 61

6.2 Principles of the Multilateral Trading System and their Reflexion on Standards 64

6.3 Technical Barriers to Trade 65

6.4 Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary Measures 73

6.5 Fields of Application of the TBT and SPS Agreement 76

Chapter 7 Quality and Quality Management Systems 78

7.1 The Evolution of Quality Concepts 78

7.2 The Evolution of Quality Management 79

7.3 How ISO 9000 Came into Being 81

7.4 The ISO 9000 Family of Standards 82

7.5 Implementation of ISO 9000 in the World 83

7.6 Principles of Quality Management Systems 84

7.7 Statistical Quality Control Tools 106

7.8 Investigating the Causes of Non-Conformity 127

7.9 Six-Sigma Approach to Quality Management 131

7.10 Comparison between ISO 9000 and Six-Sigma 137

Chapter 8 Environmental Management Systems 139

8.1 Man and the Environment - Why ISO 14000? 139

8.2 Environmental Management Systems 141

Chapter 9 Overview of Other Management Systems 150

9.1 Other International Standards for Management Systems 150

9.2 Overview of ISO 22000 Standards on Food Safety Management 150

9.3 Standards on Social Responsibility 152

9.4 Standards on Information Security Management 156

9.5 ISO Standards on Risk Management 157

9.6 ISO Standards on Energy Management 158

Chapter 10 The Role of Metrology - The Quality Infrastructure 159

10.1 The Applications of Metrology 159

10.2 Legal Metrology 160

10.3 Industrial and Applied Metrology 162

10.4 Primary (or Scientific) Metrology 164

10.5 The International System of Units 165

10.6 The Quality Infrastructure 168

Appendix A 171

Appendix B 173

Bibliography 174

Index 176