| List of Figures | ix |
| Contributors | xi |
| Reviewers | xiii |
| Preface | xv |
I | Web Services | 1 |
1 | Electronic Contracts | 3 |
1.1 | Introduction | 3 |
1.1.1 | Electronic contracts in an e-service environment | 3 |
1.1.2 | A case study: SLAs for web services | 5 |
1.1.3 | Goal and structure | 7 |
1.2 | Conceptual Model of the Contracting Process | 7 |
1.2.1 | Contracting process phases | 7 |
1.2.2 | Contracting function of a service provider | 9 |
1.2.3 | Contracting function of a service customer | 12 |
1.3 | Document Structures and Formats | 13 |
1.3.1 | Information phase documents | 14 |
1.3.2 | Negotiation phase documents and contracts | 15 |
1.3.3 | Setup phase documents | 18 |
1.4 | Issues and Approaches to Automate the Contracting Function | 20 |
1.5 | Conclusions | 22 |
2 | Web Services Technologies for Outsourcing | 25 |
2.1 | Introduction | 25 |
2.2 | Web Services Hub Framework | 26 |
2.3 | A Working Prototype | 28 |
2.3.1 | The service outsourcing manager | 30 |
2.3.2 | The central membership portal | 32 |
2.3.3 | The advanced web services discovery engine | 32 |
2.3.4 | The multi-level security model | 34 |
2.3.5 | The purchase order management business process and the intelligent shipping agent | 35 |
2.4 | An E-services Delivery Solution | 36 |
2.4.1 | Registration and provision | 37 |
2.4.2 | Single sign-on | 38 |
2.4.3 | Purchase order creation | 38 |
2.4.4 | Purchase order details | 38 |
2.4.5 | Shipping service providers | 39 |
2.4.6 | Results of invoking the transportation web service | 39 |
2.4.7 | Updated purchase order | 40 |
2.5 | Related Work | 41 |
2.6 | Conclusions | 43 |
II | Database Backends | 47 |
3 | Conceptual Modelling of Business Applications with Dynamic Object Roles | 49 |
3.1 | Introduction | 49 |
3.2 | A Business Case Study | 50 |
3.3 | Related Work | 52 |
3.4 | Prototype of Dynamic Object Roles | 54 |
3.5 | The Stack-Based Approach | 57 |
3.5.1 | Objects, classes and stores | 57 |
3.5.2 | Stacks | 58 |
3.5.3 | Binding | 59 |
3.5.4 | Query language | 60 |
3.5.5 | Query evaluation | 61 |
3.6 | Object Store Model with Dynamic Roles | 61 |
3.6.1 | Links amongst objects and roles | 62 |
3.6.2 | Dynamic roles and object-oriented models | 62 |
3.6.3 | A formal model of an object store | 64 |
3.7 | Specification of Dynamic Roles in Database Schemata | 66 |
3.7.1 | Building an object scheme with dynamic roles | 67 |
3.7.2 | Declarations of data structures | 69 |
3.8 | Conclusions | 70 |
4 | Temporal Versioning in Data Warehouses | 73 |
4.1 | Introduction | 73 |
4.1.1 | The problem | 75 |
4.1.2 | Our contribution | 75 |
4.1.3 | Outline | 77 |
4.2 | Related Work | 77 |
4.3 | A Formal Model for Temporal multi-dimensional Systems | 77 |
4.3.1 | Structure versions | 80 |
4.3.2 | Structural changes | 82 |
4.3.3 | Mappings between structure versions | 84 |
4.4 | The COMET Metamodel | 89 |
4.4.1 | Goals and features | 89 |
4.4.2 | The elements of COMET | 90 |
4.5 | Implementation | 93 |
4.6 | Conclusions | 96 |
III | Data and Applications Integration | 99 |
5 | Identification of Missing Information in Integrated Database Systems | 101 |
5.1 | Introduction | 101 |
5.2 | Unavailability Cases and Sample Queries | 102 |
5.2.1 | Incomplete attributes in selection conditions | 102 |
5.2.2 | Incomplete attributes in projections | 104 |
5.2.3 | Combined incompleteness | 104 |
5.2.4 | Temporary unavailability of data sources | 106 |
5.3 | LODA Tools for Data Retrieval | 106 |
5.3.1 | Establishing an initial collection | 107 |
5.3.2 | Selection using attributes | 107 |
5.3.3 | Printing the values | 107 |
5.3.4 | Processing relationships | 108 |
5.3.5 | Summary of diagram processing | 108 |
5.4 | Processing and Analysing Incomplete Queries | 109 |
5.4.1 | Processing and generating queries | 110 |
5.4.2 | Analysing queries | 111 |
5.4.3 | Generating unavailability queries | 112 |
5.4.4 | Generation of explanations | 112 |
5.4.5 | Creating visual queries in UML-VL | 113 |
5.5 | Conclusions | 113 |
6 | Application Integration Patterns | 115 |
6.1 | Introduction | 115 |
6.2 | Application Integration Patterns | 116 |
6.3 | The Integration Broker Pattern | 117 |
6.3.1 | Context and problem definition | 117 |
6.3.2 | Forces | 118 |
6.3.3 | Solution | 118 |
6.3.4 | Consequences | 120 |
6.4 | The Integration Wrapper Pattern | 120 |
6.4.1 | Context and problem definition | 120 |
6.4.2 | Forces | 120 |
6.4.3 | Solution | 121 |
6.4.4 | Consequences | 121 |
6.5 | The Integration Mediator Pattern | 122 |
6.5.1 | Context and problem definition | 122 |
6.5.2 | Forces | 122 |
6.5.3 | Solution | 122 |
6.5.4 | Consequences | 123 |
6.6 | The Virtual Component Pattern | 124 |
6.6.1 | Context and problem definition | 124 |
6.6.2 | Forces | 124 |
6.6.3 | Solution | 124 |
6.6.4 | Consequences | 126 |
6.7 | The Data Mapping Pattern | 127 |
6.7.1 | Context and problem definition | 127 |
6.7.2 | Forces | 127 |
6.7.3 | Solution | 127 |
6.7.4 | Consequences | 127 |
6.8 | The Process Automator Pattern | 128 |
6.8.1 | Context and problem definition | 128 |
6.8.2 | Forces | 128 |
6.8.3 | Solution | 129 |
6.8.4 | Consequences | 130 |
6.9 | A Case Study | 131 |
6.9.1 | Case study description and analysis | 131 |
6.9.2 | Checking authorisation | 132 |
6.9.3 | Checking the balance of an account | 133 |
6.10 | Conclusions | 136 |
IV | Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery | 139 |
7 | Agents, Personalisation, and Intelligent Applications | 141 |
7.1 | Introduction | 141 |
7.2 | Adaptive Systems in E-commerce | 142 |
7.3 | Intelligent, Personalised Web Services | 143 |
7.3.1 | Virtual dialoguing agents | 143 |
7.3.2 | Personalisation | 145 |
7.3.3 | The architecture of COGITO | 145 |
7.3.4 | Extracting user profiles | 147 |
7.3.5 | Experimental results | 151 |
7.3.6 | The retrieval process in COGITO | 153 |
7.4 | An Architectural Framework Hypothesis | 155 |
7.5 | Related Work | 156 |
7.6 | Conclusions | 157 |
8 | Discovering Relationships for Effective Target Marketing | 161 |
8.1 | Introduction | 161 |
8.2 | Warehousing Relationships | 163 |
8.3 | Discovering Important Relationships | 164 |
8.3.1 | Problem formulation | 164 |
8.3.2 | Discussion | 165 |
8.3.3 | Algorithm | 167 |
8.4 | Visualising the Web of Relationships | 168 |
8.5 | Implementation and Deployment | 170 |
8.6 | Related Work | 172 |
8.7 | Conclusions | 173 |
V | Recommended Bibliography | 177 |
| Bibliography | 179 |
| Index | 193 |