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Eugene Skolnikoff treats the roles of science and technology across the entire range of relations among nations, including security and economic issues, environmental questions, international economic competitiveness, the spread of weapons technology, the demise of communism, the new content of dependency relations, and the demanding new problems of national and international governance. He shows how the structure and operation of the scientific and technological enterprises have interacted with international affairs to lead to the dramatic evolution of world politics experienced in this century, particularly after World War II.
Preface
1
The Setting
3
Assessing the Interaction of Science and Technology with International Affairs
5
Primary Questions
8
Some Comments on Theoretical Issues and Literature
9
Science and Technology as Causes of Societal Change
10
What Is Meant by "Science" and "Technology"
12
Plan of the Study
15
2
The Scientific and Technological Enterprises and the Direction of Technological Change
16
Historical Evolution
16
The New Enterprises
21
Patterns of Outcomes and Effects
39
3
National Security
49
Nuclear-Weapons Systems
51
Scientific and Technological Factors in Strategic Nuclear Relationships
54
The Evolution and Diffusion of Military Power and Capability
71
Arms Control
83
Some Summary Comments
87
4
Economies and Polities
93
Global Integration
93
Economic Growth, Trade, and Competition
112
North-South Transfer of Technology and Dependency
132
Old and New Dimensions: Geopolitical Measures
140
Large Systems
166
Some Summary Comments
172
5
Global Dangers
175
Global Warning
176
Other Global Dangers
199
6
Practical Problems of Governance: Institutions and Processes
202
Time
202
Technical Content of Issues
206
Role of Foreign Offices
209
International Cooperation
210
International Organizations
212
Some Additional Issues
216
In Sum
218
7
Conclusions and Observations
223
Some Summary Conclusions and Generalizations
223
The Processes, Outcomes, and Consequences of Science and Technology
239
Theoretical Debates
241
Comments on Policy
246
Coda
248
Notes
253
Index
305
Overview
Eugene Skolnikoff treats the roles of science and technology across the entire range of relations among nations, including security and economic issues, environmental questions, international economic competitiveness, the spread of weapons technology, the demise of communism, the new content of dependency relations, and the demanding new problems of national and international governance. He shows how the structure and operation of the scientific and technological enterprises have interacted with international ...