The Everything Psychology Book: Explore the Human Psyche and Understand Why We Do the Things We Do

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The Everything Psychology Book: Explore the Human Psyche and Understand Why We Do the Things We Do Pub. Date: 7/12/2004 Publisher: Adams Media Corporation

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Overview

Have you ever wondered what your dreams mean or why certain smells bring back memories? The Everything Psychology Book provides the answers to these questions and more. Covering all aspects of the human psyche and unraveling the theories of the great psychoanalytical thinkers, such as Freud, Jung, and Adler, this easy-to-follow guide explains how the brain works and how genetics and environment can affect an individual's thinking and behavior. Scientific information is followed by real-life examples to help you understand the principles that have shaped modern psychology. Cowritten by noted psychologist Lynda L. Warwick, Ph.D., The Everything Psychology Book walks you through the complexities. Exhaustively researched and filled with concise definitions of psychological jargon, The Everything Psychology Book is the one book you need to help you figure out if it's "all in the mind."

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781593370565
Publisher: Adams Media Corporation
Publication date: 7/12/2004
Pages: 304
Sales rank: 378,798
Series: Everything Series
Product dimensions: 8.00 (w) x 9.22 (h) x 0.86 (d)

	Top Ten Reasons to Study Psychology	x
	Introduction	xi
1	Psychology--Yesterday and Today	1
	What Is Psychology?	2
	Psychology in the Early Years	6
	Psychoanalysis	7
	Behaviorism	8
	Humanistic Psychology and Positive Psychology	10
	Cognitive Psychology	11
	Biological Psychology	12
	Culture, Ethnicity, and Diversity in Modern Psychology	12
	How to Become a Psychologist	14
2	How Psychologists Know What They Know	15
	Experiments--The Cornerstone of Psychology	16
	Observational Studies	18
	Case Histories and Interviews	19
	Self-Report Questionnaires and Surveys	20
	Psychological Tests	21
	The Essential Role of Statistics	22
	Ethics in Psychological Research	24
3	The Biology of Psychology	27
	Neurons and What They Do	28
	The Central Nervous System	29
	The Peripheral Nervous System	30
	The Endocrine System	32
	Genes and What They Do	33
	Gene Expression	34
	Evolution and Humans	37
4	Brain and Mind--What Makes Us Human	39
	Origins of the Human Brain	40
	The Forebrain's Structures and Functions	41
	The Cerebrum	42
	Traditional Approaches to Studying the Brain	43
	Neuroscience and Brain Imaging--The Modern Approach	44
	What Is Mind--Earlier Views	46
	What Is Mind--Views Based on Neuroscience	47
5	How We Experience Our World	49
	Sensation and Perception	50
	The Eyes and Visual Sensation	51
	Visual Perception	54
	The Ears and Auditory Sensation	57
	Auditory Perception	59
	Smell and Taste--The Chemical Senses	60
	The Skin Senses	61
	Kinesthesis and Equilibrium	62
6	Emotions--Feeling Up, Feeling Down	63
	Emotions Versus Motives	64
	The Physiology of Emotion	66
	The Brain's Role in Emotion	67
	Varieties of Emotions	68
	Explanations of Emotionality	69
	Aggressive Behavior	70
	Do We All Have the Same Emotions?	73
7	Motives--Why We Do the Things We Do	75
	Varieties of Motives	76
	The Brain's Role in Motivation	76
	The Physiology of Motivation	78
	The Hunger Motive	80
	Eating Disorders	82
	The Motive for Sex	84
	Sexual Orientation	86
8	Altered States of Consciousness	87
	Levels of Consciousness	88
	Sleep	89
	Sleep Disorders	91
	Why Do We Dream?	92
	Hypnosis and Its Uses	93
	Meditation	95
	Psychoactive Drugs and Their Effects	95
	Drug Abuse and Dependence	97
9	Conditioning and Learning	99
	Habituation--The Most Basic Form of Learning	100
	Conditioning	101
	Classical Conditioning	101
	Applications of Classical Conditioning	103
	Operant Conditioning	104
	Applications of Operant Conditioning	106
	Learning Through Observation and Imitation	109
10	How We Remember, Why We Forget	111
	Memory--An Overview	112
	Sensory Memory and Incoming Stimulation	113
	Short-Term Memory and Working Memory	114
	Long-Term Memories and How They Are Stored	116
	Explanations of Forgetting	118
	The Repression Debate	121
	Techniques for Improving Your Memory	122
11	Language and Communication	125
	Grammar and the Vocabulary of Language	126
	Phonetics and Phonology--The Sound System	127
	Morphology--The Formation of Words	129
	Syntax--How We Create Phrases and Sentences	131
	Semantics and Pragmatics--Meaning and Language in Social Contexts	132
	Gestures and Other Nonverbal Communication	136
	Can Other Animals Learn Human Language?	137
12	Thinking, Knowing, and Solving Problems	139
	The Cognitive Perspective	140
	Units of Knowledge	141
	Formal Reasoning	143
	Informal Reasoning	144
	Strategies in Problem Solving	146
13	Personality and Personality Tests	149
	What Is Personality?	150
	Heredity, Environment, and Personality	151
	Traits	154
	Psychodynamic Views	156
	Psychoanalytic Approach	157
	Humanistic Views	159
	Popular Personality Tests	160
14	Coping with Life's Difficulties and Achieving Well-Being	163
	Stressors and Stress	164
	How Stress Affects Physical Health	167
	How Stress Affects Mental Health	169
	Adjustment Disorders	171
	Job Burnout	172
	Better Ways of Coping with Stress	174
	Defense Mechanisms	175
	Positive Psychology and Subjective Well-Being	176
15	Disorders: When Thinking and Emotionality Go Awry	177
	What Is Abnormal?	178
	Anxiety Disorders	181
	Mood Disorders	184
	Schizophrenia	187
	Personality Disorders	189
	Causes of Mental Disorders	191
16	Psychotherapy and Other Approaches to Treatment	195
	Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Approaches	196
	Medical Approaches	198
	Humanistic Approaches	202
	Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches	203
	Group Therapy	206
	Helping Yourself	208
17	Social Cognition--Thinking about Yourself and Others	211
	Humans as Social Beings	212
	Beliefs and Attitudes	213
	Social Schemata and Scripts	215
	Forming Impressions	216
	Interpreting Others' Behavior--And Your Own	218
	Stereotyping and Prejudice	220
18	Social Interactions and Interpersonal Behavior	223
	The Person and the Situation	224
	Compliance	226
	Conformity and Peer Pressure	227
	Obedience	228
	Friendships and Romantic Relationships	229
	Altruism	231
	Aggression and Its Causes	232
	The Mentality of Groups	233
19	Human Development--Conception to Birth	235
	Genes, Gametes, and Conception	236
	The Embryonic Period	238
	The Fetal Period	239
	The Birth Process	240
	Maternal Health and Nutrition	241
	Maternal Diseases and Drug Use	244
20	Human Development--Infancy and Childhood	247
	Physical Growth	248
	Development of Motor Skills	249
	Cognitive Development--How Infants and Children Think	250
	Language Development--Part Prewired, Part Learned	252
	Developing a Sense of Self	254
	Social and Emotional Development	256
21	Human Development--Adolescence	259
	The Growth Spurt and Entrance into Puberty	260
	Cognitive Development--How Adolescents Think	261
	Developing a Sense of Identity	263
	Discovering Sexuality	264
	Teenage Pregnancy	265
22	Human Development--Adulthood, Aging, and Dying	267
	Physical Health	268
	Changes During Middle Adulthood	269
	Changes in Sexuality	271
	Cognitive Growth and Decline	272
	Retirement	275
	Death--The Final Stage in Development	276
Appendix A	Glossary of Psychological Terms	277
Appendix B	Resources	283
	Index	285

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