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Is all human behavior based on self-interest? Many social and biological theories would argue so, but such a perspective does not explain the many truly heroic acts committed by people willing to risk their lives to help others. In The Heart of Altruism, Kristen Renwick Monroe boldly lays the groundwork for a social theory receptive to altruism by examining the experiences described by altruists themselves: from Otto, a German businessman who rescued over a hundred Jews in Nazi Germany, to Lucille, a newspaper poetry editor, who, armed with her cane, saved a young girl who was being raped. Monroe's honest and moving interviews with these little-known heroes enable her to explore the causes of altruism and the differences between altruists and other people. By delineating an overarching perspective of humanity shared by altruists, Monroe demonstrates how social theories may begin to account for altruism and debunks the notions of scientific inevitability that stem from an overemphasis on self-interest.
As Monroe has discovered, the financial and religious backgrounds of altruists vary greatly--as do their views on issues such as welfare, civil rights, and morality. Altruists do, however, share a certain way of looking at the world: where the rest of us see a stranger, altruists see a fellow human being. It is this perspective that many social theories overlook. Monroe restores altruism to a general theory of ethical political behavior. She argues that to understand what makes one person act out of concern for others and not the self, we need to ask how that individual's perspective sets the range of options he or she finds available.
The Human Face of Altruism
Acknowledgments
Introduction
3
Ch. 1
The Puzzle of Altruism
6
Ch. 2
The Entrepreneur
27
Ch. 3
The Philanthropist
41
Ch. 4
The Heroine
63
Ch. 5
Rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe
91
Ch. 6
Sociocultural Attributes of Altruism
121
Ch. 7
Economic Approaches to Altruism
137
Ch. 8
Explanations from Evolutionary Biology
161
Ch. 9
Psychological Discussions of Altruism
179
Ch. 10
The Altruistic Perspective: Perceptions of a Shared Humanity
197
Ch. 11
Perspective and Ethical Political Acts: Initial Thoughts
217
Conclusion
233
Notes
239
Bibliography
271
Index
285
Overview
Is all human behavior based on self-interest? Many social and biological theories would argue so, but such a perspective does not explain the many truly heroic acts committed by people willing to risk their lives to help others. In The Heart of Altruism, Kristen Renwick Monroe boldly lays the groundwork for a social theory receptive to altruism by examining the experiences described by altruists themselves: from Otto, a German businessman who rescued over a hundred Jews in Nazi Germany, to Lucille, a newspaper ...