The Opioid Crisis: A Reference Handbook
A comprehensive overview of opioid use throughout human history, current problems surrounding opioid abuse, and suggested approaches to solving these problems.

Dependence on opioids has grown into an epidemic, its effects felt globally and most of all in the United States. The Opioid Crisis: A Reference Handbook provides a detailed and accurate history of opioid use, helping readers to understand how the crisis developed, as well as a review of problems arising out of this crisis and some of the solutions that have been proposed.

The volume additionally comprises ten essays from individuals who have a personal or educational connection to the crisis and short biographical and explanatory essays on important individuals and organizations working to mitigate the opioid crisis by supporting research of the biological systems implicated in opioid dependence and raising awareness of the challenges of addiction in America today. It also provides resources for readers who want to continue their study of the topic or pursue research in the field.

1128170365
The Opioid Crisis: A Reference Handbook
A comprehensive overview of opioid use throughout human history, current problems surrounding opioid abuse, and suggested approaches to solving these problems.

Dependence on opioids has grown into an epidemic, its effects felt globally and most of all in the United States. The Opioid Crisis: A Reference Handbook provides a detailed and accurate history of opioid use, helping readers to understand how the crisis developed, as well as a review of problems arising out of this crisis and some of the solutions that have been proposed.

The volume additionally comprises ten essays from individuals who have a personal or educational connection to the crisis and short biographical and explanatory essays on important individuals and organizations working to mitigate the opioid crisis by supporting research of the biological systems implicated in opioid dependence and raising awareness of the challenges of addiction in America today. It also provides resources for readers who want to continue their study of the topic or pursue research in the field.

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The Opioid Crisis: A Reference Handbook

The Opioid Crisis: A Reference Handbook

by David E. Newton
The Opioid Crisis: A Reference Handbook

The Opioid Crisis: A Reference Handbook

by David E. Newton

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Overview

A comprehensive overview of opioid use throughout human history, current problems surrounding opioid abuse, and suggested approaches to solving these problems.

Dependence on opioids has grown into an epidemic, its effects felt globally and most of all in the United States. The Opioid Crisis: A Reference Handbook provides a detailed and accurate history of opioid use, helping readers to understand how the crisis developed, as well as a review of problems arising out of this crisis and some of the solutions that have been proposed.

The volume additionally comprises ten essays from individuals who have a personal or educational connection to the crisis and short biographical and explanatory essays on important individuals and organizations working to mitigate the opioid crisis by supporting research of the biological systems implicated in opioid dependence and raising awareness of the challenges of addiction in America today. It also provides resources for readers who want to continue their study of the topic or pursue research in the field.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781440864360
Publisher: ABC-CLIO, Incorporated
Publication date: 07/11/2018
Series: Contemporary World Issues
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
Pages: 358
File size: 3 MB

About the Author

David E. Newton is the author of more than 400 textbooks, encyclopedias, workbooks, and other educational materials, primarily in the field of science and math.

Table of Contents

Preface xiii

1 Background and History 3

The Opium Plant: An Introduction 5

The History of Opium to 1800 6

Egypt and Crete 7

Greece and Rome 8

The Middle Ages and the Muslim World 11

The Far East 12

Laudanum 14

The Opium Wars 17

Morphine and Beyond 19

The Discovery and Commercialization of Morphine 19

Heroin: The Wonder Drug 22

Other Opiates 24

The Criminalization of Opiates 27

Controlled Substances Act of 1970 35

Semisynthetic and Synthetic Opioids 37

The Brain Chemistry of Opioids 41

Conclusion 44

References 45

2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions 61

Numbers Tell the Story 62

Mortality and Morbidity 62

Who Uses Opioids? 64

Economic Costs 66

The Innocent Bystanders 67

An Underlying Theme 71

The History of OxyContin 73

A Flood of Opioids 79

Regulating the Use of Opioids 83

Guidelines 83

Reactions to the Guidelines 85

Legislation 87

Federal 87

State 88

Multistate 92

Prevention 93

Education 93

Health Care Workers 93

Schools and Colleges 97

Proper Medication Disposal 100

Enforcement 101

Pill Mill Laws 102

Doctor Shopping Laws 104

Treatment 106

Alternative Forms of Treatment 113

Conclusion 114

References 114

3 Perspectives 135

It's Not My Problem, or Is It? Judith Ellsesser 135

Education Fosters Prevention Heather Kulp 139

Epidemic in Asheville Heather Pack 142

Confessions of an Opioid User Bob Roehr 146

Rationale for Cannabis-Based Interventions in the Opioid Overdose Crisis Anjali A. Sarkar 149

The U.S. Opioid Crisis-A Personal Perspective William G. Schulz 153

Citing History: The Need for Genuine Context John Galbraith Simmons 157

I'm High as I Write This Rebecca Smith 162

Opioid Drugs Provide Pain Relief but with Serious Risks Stephani Sutherland 165

4 Profiles 171

Academy of Integrative Pain Management 171

Advocates for Opioid Recovery 174

Alliance for Safe Online Pharmacies 176

American Society of Addiction Medicine 178

Center for Lawful Access and Abuse Deterrence 181

Coalition to Stop Opioid Overdose 184

Thomas De Quincey (1785-1859) 185

Drug Enforcement Administration 187

Jack Fishman (1930-2013) 190

Francis B. Harrison (1873-1957) 192

Heroin Epidemic Relief Organization 193

Felix Hoffmann (1868-1946) 195

Paul Janssen (1926-2003) 196

The National Alliance of Advocates for Buprenorphine Treatment 199

National Association of State Controlled Substances Authorities 201

National Institute on Drug Abuse 202

Office of National Drug Control Policy 205

Pain Therapy Access Physicians Working Group 207

Candace Pert (1946-2013) 208

President's Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis 210

Friedrich Sertürner (1783-1841) 212

Solomon H. Snyder (1938-) 214

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 217

Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689) 219

Charles E. Terry (1878-1945) 222

Hamilton Wright (1867-1917) 224

5 Data and Documents 229

Data 229

Table 5.1 Misuse of Opioids in Past Year and Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Detailed Age Category: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2015 and 2016 230

Table 5.2 Any Use of Pain Relievers in Past Year and Misuse of Pain Relievers in Past Year and Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Detailed Age Category: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2015 and 2016 232

Table 5.3 Drug-Poisoning Deaths Involving Opioid Analgesics: United States, 1999-2015 234

Table 5.4 Deaths from Opioid Overdose, 2015 235

Table 5.5 Death Rates from Heroin and Opioid Analgesic Poisoning, 2000-2015 237

Table 5.6 Drug Overdose Deaths among Adolescents Aged 15-19, by Type of Opioid Drug Involved in the United States: 1999-2015 (per 100,000) 237

Table 5.7 Opioid Use in Schools 238

Table 5.8 Perceived Availability of Narcotics Other Than Heroin, 1991-2016, Grades 8, 10, and 12 241

Documents 244

Smoking Opium Exclusion Act of 1909 244

Harrison Narcotic Act (1914) 245

United States v. Jin Fuey Moy (1916) 247

United States v. Doremus (1919) 247

Webb v. United States (1919) 247

Controlled Substances Act (1970) 251

Children's Health Act of 2000 256

Opioid Use among Veterans (2013) 258

An Act to Prevent Opiate Abuse by Strengthening the Controlled Substances Prescription Monitoring Program (2016) 260

An Act Concerning Involuntary Commitment to Treatment for Substance Use Disorders (2016) 263

Remarks by President Trump on Combating Drug Demand and the Opioid Crisis (2017) 266

The President's Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis (2017) 269

6 Resources 275

Books 275

Articles 282

Reports 295

Internet 302

7 Chronology 317

Glossary 335

Index 341

About the Author 357

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