The Perils of Belonging: Autochthony, Citizenship, and Exclusion in Africa and Europe

Despite being told that we now live in a cosmopolitan world, more and more people have begun to assert their identities in ways that are deeply rooted in the local. These claims of autochthony—meaning “born from the soil”—seek to establish an irrefutable, primordial right to belong and are often employed in politically charged attempts to exclude outsiders. In The Perils of Belonging, Peter Geschiere traces the concept of autochthony back to the classical period and incisively explores the idea in two very different contexts: Cameroon and the Netherlands.

            In both countries, the momentous economic and political changes following the end of the cold war fostered anxiety over migration. For Cameroonians, the question of who belongs where rises to the fore in political struggles between different tribes, while the Dutch invoke autochthony in fierce debates over the integration of immigrants. This fascinating comparative perspective allows Geschiere to examine the emotional appeal of autochthony—as well as its dubious historical basis—and to shed light on a range of important issues, such as multiculturalism, national citizenship, and migration.

1101612769
The Perils of Belonging: Autochthony, Citizenship, and Exclusion in Africa and Europe

Despite being told that we now live in a cosmopolitan world, more and more people have begun to assert their identities in ways that are deeply rooted in the local. These claims of autochthony—meaning “born from the soil”—seek to establish an irrefutable, primordial right to belong and are often employed in politically charged attempts to exclude outsiders. In The Perils of Belonging, Peter Geschiere traces the concept of autochthony back to the classical period and incisively explores the idea in two very different contexts: Cameroon and the Netherlands.

            In both countries, the momentous economic and political changes following the end of the cold war fostered anxiety over migration. For Cameroonians, the question of who belongs where rises to the fore in political struggles between different tribes, while the Dutch invoke autochthony in fierce debates over the integration of immigrants. This fascinating comparative perspective allows Geschiere to examine the emotional appeal of autochthony—as well as its dubious historical basis—and to shed light on a range of important issues, such as multiculturalism, national citizenship, and migration.

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The Perils of Belonging: Autochthony, Citizenship, and Exclusion in Africa and Europe

The Perils of Belonging: Autochthony, Citizenship, and Exclusion in Africa and Europe

by Peter Geschiere
The Perils of Belonging: Autochthony, Citizenship, and Exclusion in Africa and Europe

The Perils of Belonging: Autochthony, Citizenship, and Exclusion in Africa and Europe

by Peter Geschiere

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Overview

Despite being told that we now live in a cosmopolitan world, more and more people have begun to assert their identities in ways that are deeply rooted in the local. These claims of autochthony—meaning “born from the soil”—seek to establish an irrefutable, primordial right to belong and are often employed in politically charged attempts to exclude outsiders. In The Perils of Belonging, Peter Geschiere traces the concept of autochthony back to the classical period and incisively explores the idea in two very different contexts: Cameroon and the Netherlands.

            In both countries, the momentous economic and political changes following the end of the cold war fostered anxiety over migration. For Cameroonians, the question of who belongs where rises to the fore in political struggles between different tribes, while the Dutch invoke autochthony in fierce debates over the integration of immigrants. This fascinating comparative perspective allows Geschiere to examine the emotional appeal of autochthony—as well as its dubious historical basis—and to shed light on a range of important issues, such as multiculturalism, national citizenship, and migration.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780226289663
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Publication date: 08/01/2009
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
Pages: 304
File size: 459 KB

About the Author

Peter Geschiere is professor of African anthropology at the University of Amsterdam and the author of The Modernity of Witchcraft: Politics and the Occult in Postcolonial Africa.

Table of Contents

Preface and Acknowledgments

 

1          Introduction: Autochthony—the Flip Side of Globalization?

A Primordial yet Global Form of Belonging?

Autochthony’s Genealogy: Some Elements

Autochthony Now: Globalization and the Neoliberal Turn

Autochthony and the Tenacity of the Nation-State

Historical Construction, Political Manipulation and Emotional Power

Approach: From Identity to Subjectivation and Aesthetics

Plan of the Book

 

2          Cameroon: Autochthony, Democratization ,and New Struggles over Citizenship

Belonging to a Nonexistent  Province

Elite Associations and Autochthony: Different Degrees of Citizenship?

The “Sea People” Protected by the New Constitution

Debates in the Cameroonian Press

Autochthony’s “Naturalness”: The Funeral as a Final Test for Belonging

A Tortuous History

An Empty Discourse with Segmentary Implications

Conclusion

 

3          Cameroon: Decentralization and Belonging

The East and the New Importance of the Forest

The New Forest Law

Participation in Practice

The Elusive Community

The Community as Stakeholder: Belonging and Exclusion

Village or Grande Famille?

The Halfhearted Belonging of the External Elites

Discovering Allogènes at Ever Closer Range

Conclusion

 

4          African Trajectories

Ivory Coast: Identification and Exclusion

Elsewhere in Africa

“Pygmy” Predicaments: Can Only Citizens Qualify as Autochthons?

 

5          Autochthony in Europe: The Dutch Turn

The Dutch Switch: From Multiculturalism to Cultural Integration

Overview: How the Netherlands Became an “Immigration Country”

National Consensus and Its History—the Dutch Way

Alternative Solutions

A More Forceful Integration

Allochtonen: A New Term on the Dutch Scene

Elusive Autochthony

History and Culture

Comparisons

 

6          Cameroon: Nation-Building and Autochthony as Processes of Subjectivation

Nation-Building as an Everyday Reality

Rituals of Belonging: The Funeral at Home as a Celebration of Autochthony

 

7          Epilogue: Can the Land Lie? Autochthony’s Uncertainties in Africa and Europe

Varying Patterns of Nation-Building in Africa and Their Implications

Autochthony and the Search for Ritual in Europe

 

Notes

Bibliography

Index

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