Table of Contents
List of Maps ix
Preface xi
Introduction 1
1 The Portuguese in Morocco 25
Doc. 1 The Portuguese celebrate Mass in the mosque in Ceuta, 1415 25
Doc. 2 Christians and Moors - single combat in the struggle to control Ceuta during the Moroccan wars 28
Doc. 3 The Moors of Massa recognize Portuguese overlordship 31
Doc. 4 Letter Patent of Dom Manuel to the Jews of Safi, 1509 35
Doc. 5 Letter of João de Meneses to Dom Manuel on the state of Azamour, 1514 37
Doc. 6 The Portuguese of Azamour raid the Bedouins, 1519 40
2 The early voyages to west Africa 43
Doc. 7 Prince Henry 'the Navigator' is remembered 43
Doc. 8 Slave raiding on the Sahara coast, 1445 44
Doc. 9 The Portuguese run into opposition, 1446 47
Doc. 10 Duarte Pacheco Pereira tries to come to terms with 'difference' 51
3 The Atlantic Islands 55
Doc. 11 Madeira and the Canary Islands in the fifteenth century 55
Doc. 12 How to survive tropical heat and disease 60
Doc. 13 Sugar and slaves 61
Doc. 14 Hunting escaped slaves in São Tomé 63
Doc. 15 New Christians have poisoned the bishop of São Tomé 65
4 The Upper Guinea Coast and Sierra Leone 67
Doc. 16 Cadamosto meets Budomel 67
Doc. 17 Markets and dances: Africa responds to Europe 71
Doc. 18 The Wolof kingdom at the end of the fifteenth century 74
Doc. 19 Relations between the coastal peoples of Upper Guinea and the Cape Verde Islands 78
Doc. 20 Trade and piracy on the Senegal coast 82
Doc. 21 The slave trade and royal luxury in the land of the Bussis 85
5 Elmina and Benin 90
Doc. 22 The foundation of the castle and city of São Jorge da Mina, 1482 90
Doc. 23 The importance of reaching an accommodation with the private traders 96
Doc. 24 Christianity and the Obas of Benin 97
6 Discovery of the Kingdom of Kongo 100
Doc. 25 The Manisonyo embraces Christianity, 1491 100
Doc. 26 The arrival of the Portuguese embassy at the Kongo Court, 1491 103
Doc. 27 The king of Kongo is baptized and goes to war, 1491 106
Doc. 28 The province of Mbata and its relations with the Portuguese and the Kongo king 108
Doc. 29 The accession of Dom Afonso I of Kongo 111
Doc. 30 Relations between Kongo and the Portuguese of São Tomé 116
7 Angola, Paulo Dias and the founding of Luanda 121
Doc. 31 Early relations with Angola 121
Doc. 32 Donation charter to Paulo Dias de Novais, 1571 123
Doc. 33 Warfare in the Kongo and Angola 136
Doc. 34 The escape of Paulo Dias from Angola and the founding of Luanda 142
8 The slave trade 148
Doc. 35 The arrival of slaves from west Africa in Lagos, 1444 148
Doc. 36 The slave trade is good for the Kongo 151
Doc. 37 The slave trade from west Africa to the Cape Verde Islands in the sixteenth century 153
Doc. 38 The slave trade in the Cape Verde Islands, 1594 155
9 Conflict in the kingdom of Kongo in the 1560s 159
Doc. 39 Christianity and a disputed succession in the kingdom of Kongo 159
Doc. 40 The Jaga invasions 162
10 Christianity in the Kongo 167
Doc. 41 Support sought from Portugal to maintain the true faith 167
Doc. 42 Noble Kongolese youths are sent to Portugal and Rome to be educated, 1539 169
Doc. 43 Report of the visit ad limina of Francisco de Villanova, bishop of São Tomé, 1597 171
Doc. 44 Maleficium and its forms 174
11 The Angolan wars 178
Doc. 45 Conflict between the Portuguese and Kongo in the early seventeenth century 178
Doc. 46 The life of Dom Pedro II Afonso 181
Doc. 47 An Essex man in the Angolan wars 183
Doc. 48 War in the reed beds - Angola after the expulsion of the Dutch 186
Doc. 49 Account of the battle of Mbwila, 1665 192
Doc. 50 Portuguese defeat in Sonyo in 1670 200
12 People and places 205
Doc. 51 The town of Cacheu in the early seventeenth century 205
Doc. 52 São Salvador, capital of the kingdom of Kongo 209
Doc. 53 The Court of the kings of Kongo 211
Doc. 54 Losses suffered by white traders 214
Doc. 55 The kingdom of Kongo in 1595 218
Doc. 56 The laws and customs of the Wolofs 226
Doc. 57 Black ants, Tangomaos and the Bagas 228
Glossary 231
Bibliography 235
Index 239
